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Design and Development of Power Tiller Operated Onion Harvester (2018-19)

M A Gulandaz
Farm Machinery & Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M A Hossain
Farm Machinery & Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S Brahma
Farm Machinery & Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M N Amin
Farm Machinery & Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work has been carried out to bring out the reliable solution for harvesting of onion crop. The harvesting of onion crop is the labour intensive operation. The attempt has been made to design the harvester for the low power capacity especially power tiller. The size of the harvester has been decided with respect to the agro technical features of the crop. The working width of the harvester has been worked out to be 30 cm. The depth of operation for the onion crop has been decided up to 5cm. The width and depth ratio was 12:1 which is fit to the design. The estimated capacity of the harvester in respect of the working in the soil has worked out to be 1 tones/hr. Accordingly the materials for the fabrication has been decided as per the BIS standard. The drawbar power requirement for effective working of the harvester has been optimized from the travel speed, the total soil load and the discharge of soil mass and the capacity of soil. The estimated power requirement for the onion harvester is comes to 11 to 13 hp. The estimated total weight of the machine was calculated as per the proposed engineering drawing comes to be 20 kg. The estimated cost of the onion harvester was worked out to be Tk 12000.to be 20 kg. The estimated cost of the onion harvester was worked out to be Tk 12000.

Keywords: Harvesting, soil load, power requirement, forces, tensile strength, engineering components of harvester, economic

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Harvester, Onion

Objectives:

To design the harvester for the low power capacity especially power tiller.

Methodology:

Agro technical requirements: The different varieties of onion are grown in Bangladesh. The physical characteristics of some important varieties of onion had been studied for various observations like bulb diameter, crop depth, number of branches, height of crop from ground and approximate average plant canopy at the time of harvesting of the crop having 10 x10 cm row torow spacing. The agro technical data for different varieties collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) website and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) handbook. Design component of onion harvester: Main frame- Main frame consists of a rectangular square section which was made by welding two M. S. angles of size 50 x 30 cm having length 50 cm. A hitching arrangement was provided at the top of square section of main frame and adjustment was so made that, two point linkage could be easily hitched to the frame. Blade- Design of blade MS flat was taken having shear stress and 150 kg/cm2 and 450 kg/cm2 respectively. The mild steel flat having thickness of 10 mm was use to overcome the problem of bending and breaking concave use for harvesting onion. The overall working width and the depth of operation for the cutting blade as per the calculation of power requirement have been consider as 30 cm and 10 cm respectively. Web- Web where round steel rods of 10 mm diameter the total length of the 300 mm. The web is welded to the frame at the two positions. Blade is inner side connected to the web at distance 20mm and the spacing between the web from which cut soil and the onion bulb is going to pass is taken as 20 mm as per the polar and equator diameter of the onion bulb. Determination of soil load on harvester- The soil load of the harvest including the onion bulb on the cutting unit and the windrowing unit i.e., web has been determined from the various factors. The overall impact of the soil load has been calculated from the cress section area of soil to be cut and the density of soil. Similarly, the weight of onion bulb has been considered with respect to the spacing between crop row and the plant. The instananeous movement of soil on the harvester web has been over the forwarding speed of the tractor for 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 km/h. Determination of power- The effective working of the harvester is purely depends on the fulfillment of the draft requirement. The soil resistance for the region has been taken into account for determining the power requirement of the machine. The power requirement has been determined for the various working speed of the power tiller. Calculation of harvester is mentioned below. Power for harvester- We have, Soil Resistance for black cotton soil = 0.79 kg/cm². Forward speed of the Tractor (I) 2.50 km/h. Drawbar Power- Drawbar power is power, measured at the point implements are attached to the tractor, power tiller, drawbar or 3 point hitch. Drawbar power= Force x Speed. Bending moment of onion crop harvester: Bending moment is such that it tends to bend the implement at that point to a curvature having a concavity of two positions positive and negative. The positive bending moment is called sagging moment and negative is called hogging moment.Forces act on onion crop harvester of blade: 1) Force of gravity; and 2) Soil reaction on the onion harvested blade.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2018-2019, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The project entitled “Design of power tiller operated onion harvester” has been taken to reduce the gap of mechanization. The designed harvester is surely helpful to harvest the onion bulb effectively. The design of the onion harvester was greatly depend on the working width, depth of operation and the conveying capacity. This is first year experiment. The experiment will be continued next year for fabrication and field trial.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings