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Genotypic Variation of Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) in Grain Filling and Contribution of Culm Reserves to Yield

Md Amirul Islam
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md Soaliman Ali Fakir
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md Alamgir Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Maria Akter Sathi
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To study the genotypic variation in the rate of grain filling and contribution of culm reserves to yield in wheat, an experiment was conducted consisting of 12 popular cultivars of Bangladesh, viz., BARI Gom21 (Shatabdi), BARI Gom22 (Shufi), BARI Gom23 (Bijoy), BARI Gom24 (Prodip), BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, Akbar (BAW 43), BARI Gom18 (Protiva), BARI Gom19 (Sourav), BARI Gom20 (Gourab), Agrani (BAW38), and Kanchan (BAW28). Tillers were sampled from anthesis to maturity to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The results in the experiment revealed that the grain yield varied from 2.61 to 5.35 ton/ha with a mean of 4.18 ton/ha. Among the cultivars, BARI Gom24, BARI Gom26, BARI Gom19, and BARI Gom23 appeared as high yielders while Kanchan, Agrani, BARI Gom20, BARI Gom22 as the low yielders. Generally, high-yielding cultivars showed higher total dry mass accumulation compared to low-yielding ones. Moreover, high yielding cultivars also showed higher water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) contents in culm at milk ripe stage than the low yielders. In general, the contribution of culm WSCs to grain yield was more in high yielders than low yielders and it ranged from 2 to 29% of total grain weight. So, the higher contribution of culm reserves resulted in a higher grain yield of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat, Culm reserves, Grain filling, Yield, Genotypic variation

Location: Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-03-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficiency of some popular wheat genotypes with respect to accumulation and remobilization of culm reserves to grain yield.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh between November 2013 and March 2014. Geographically the experimental field is located at 24° 75' N latitude and 90°50' E longitude at the elevation of 18 m above the sea level (Khan 1997) under the Agro-ecological Zone-9 (AEZ9). Twelve cultivars of wheat, namely BARI Gom21 (Shatabdi), BARI Gom22 (Shufi), BARI Gom23 (Bijoy), BARI Gom24 (Prodip), BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, Akbar (BAW43), BARI Gom18 (Protiva), BARI Gom19 (Sourav), BARI Gom20 (Gourab), Agrani (BAW38) and Kanchan (BAW 28) were used for the study. The experiment was laid out as a single factor experiment in RCBD with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The experimental land was first opened on 10th November 2013 with a power tiller, was further ploughed until a good tilth was obtained. Later ploughing and laddering, weeds and stubbles were collected and removed from the field. Fertilizers used in the experimental land were urea (180 kg/ha), TSP (180 kg/ha), MoP (40 kg/ha), gypsum (80 kg/ha) and well-decomposed cow-dung (10 ton/ha). Before final harrowing, a basal dose of half of the amount of urea; all-triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, and gypsum were applied. The remaining half of urea was top-dressed in two installments at 30 DAS (days after sowing) and 60 DAS, respectively. The experiment consisted of 36 unit plots; each plot was 2.1 × 1 m in size. The plot to plot distance was 0.5 m. Later, seeds of 12 wheat cultivars were hand sown in a row on 15th November 2013. The seeds were sown continuously 20 cm apart rows at the rate of 120 kg/ha for all cultivars. First, weeding was done on 1st December and the second was done on 14th December 2013. The plots were irrigated after urea application at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Ten effective tillers were sampled once a week during grain filling for all cultivars. The period of grain filling was defined as the duration from anthesis to physiological maturity. The date of anthesis was determined when the anthers extruded in 50% of the spikes in the field and the date of physiological maturity was the day when the grain attained its maximum weight. The days to anthesis were calculated as the duration from sowing to anthesis. The tillers were separated into a culm with sheaths, leaves, and spikes, then heated for 30 min at 110°C and dried for 48 hrs at 70°C, and finally weighed. The grains were separated from the spikes with tweezers and weighed. The average rate of grain filling was estimated as maximum grain weight divided by the duration (Julian days), assuming that grain weight is zero at anthesis (Dias and Lidon 2009). The culms with leaf sheaths were milled for the measurement of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) using the anthrone method as described below. The weight of structural materials in the culm was determined by subtracting the amount of WSCs in culm from the culm dry weight (Hossain et al. 2009). The collected tillers were separated into a culm with sheaths, leaf blades, and spikes, then dried for 48 hrs at 70°C, and finally weighed separately. The culms with leaf sheaths were milled for the measurement of WSCs using the anthrone method (Yemm and Willis 1954) as described by Hossain et al. (2012). The contribution of culm reserves to grain yield was calculated as a percentage of remobilized WSCs per culm to total grain weight of spike. Data on yield, phenological characters, and average grain filling rate were subjected to a single factor (cultivar) analysis of variance in RCBD. Data on other parameters were analyzed by calculating means and standard errors of means (SEM).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(1): 51-59, 2021 (March)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i1.52671

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Moreover, high yielding cultivars also showed higher water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) contents in culm at milk ripe stage than the low yielders. In general, the contribution of culm WSCs to grain yield was more in high yielders than low yielders and it ranged from 2 to 29% of total grain weight. So, the higher contribution of culm reserves resulted in a higher grain yield of wheat.

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