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Management of Saline Soil Using Organic Manure and Gypsum Fertilizer for Growing Sweet Gourd in Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Mohammad Asadul Haque
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity is a major threat for growing cucurbit vegetables in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. A consecutive two year experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2019 and 2020 at Taltali and Amtali upazila, respectively of Barguna district Bangladesh to find out whether organic manure amendment and gypsum fertilizer can reduce salinity related degradation of soil and increase sweet gourd yield in coastal region of Bangladesh. There were six treatments having control (no amendment), gypsum fertilizer, cowdung, poultry manure and the combination of gypsum fertilizer with cowdung and poultry manure. The design of the experiment was randomized complete block design with four replications. Every plot received recommended rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer. The text crop was sweet gourd. Organic amendment significantly increase fruit yield of sweet gourd in saline soil. The performance of poultry manure was better than cowdung. The poultry manure, and poultry manure plus gypsum fertilizer produced fruit yield of 29.1 and 38.1 t ha-1 , which is 67 and 119% higher over control treatment, respectively. The gypsum application had positive effect on fruit yield when it is applied with poultry manure. Application of organic manure increase soil moisture content, and reduce soil pH and electrical conductivity. Organic amendment with poultry manure is therefore recommended for sustainable yield of sweet gourd in saline soil, and reduces salinity related land degradation in coastal region of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Electrical conductivity, Gypsum fertilizer, Organic amendment, Saline soil

Location: Taltali and Amtali upazila, respectively of Barguna district Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sweet gourd, Soil salinity, Fertilizer

Objectives:

To find out whether organic manure amendment and gypsum fertilizer can reduce salinity related degradation of soil and increase sweet gourd yield in coastal region of Bangladesh

Methodology:

The expeiment was conducted in consecutive two years; at Taltali upazila in 2019 and Amtali upazila in 2020 of Barguna district, Barishal division, Bangladesh. The average annual temperature is 25.9ºC and the average rainfall is 2647 mm. April–May is susceptible to storm surges. Winter starts on November and ends on February. The winter is short, excessively dry and rainfall less than 75 mm which is lower than the evaporation. Plants enjoy severe drought in the dry (December-May) season, therefore, most of the lands remain fallow due to severe soil salinity. The experiment was laid out in a single factor randomized complete block design with four replications. There were six amendment treatments having control (no amendment), gypsum fertilizer (56 kg ha-1 ), cowdung (5 t ha-1 ), poultry manure (3 t ha-1 ), and the combination of gypsum fertilizer with cowdung and poultry manure. The test crop was sweet gourd. The whole land was prepared by ploughing followed by laddering three times. For planting of seedlings one meter diameter circle area was further deep ploughed by a spade to make soil powdery structure. Seedlings were raised in polybag. The 10 cm length polybag was filled with soil. One sprouted seed was sown in each polybag. The seedlings in the polybag were watered whenever necessary. Twenty day old healthy seedlings were used for transplanting. Seedlings were transplanted on 20 December 2018 at Taltali upazila and 21 December 2019 at Amtali upazila, respectively. Plant spacing was 2 m × 2 m. Granular insecticide (Furadan 5 g) was given in the field during final land preparation to control soil born insects. Experimental field was fertilized with a blanket dose of N, P and K @ 70, 35 and 50 kg ha-1 , respectively. The source of N, P and K were urea, triple super phosphate (TSP) and muriate of potash (MoP), respectively. In all the experimental plots TSP and MoP, and treatment wise gypsum, cowdung and poultry manure were applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at 10, 25 and 45 days after transplanting. Same amount of irrigation water was given in each plant so that all the plants enjoy same environment. An amount of 1000 mL irrigation water twice in a week was given in root zone area of each plant. In the coastal region farmers generally harvest rain water in the pond during monsoon. In the experiment irrigation was made using this pond water. Soil temperature was measured using celcious thermometer from 2 to 4 cm soil depth on 06 March 2019 at 1.00 pm and 17 March 2020 at 12.00 pm. To determine the treatment effect on soil properties the soil samples were collected in the same date from the root zone of the plant (within 50 cm radius) and analyzed for determination of pH in 1:2.5 soil water suspension (Jackson, 1968), electrical conductivity in 1:5 soil water suspension (Petersen and Shireen, 2001), and gravimetric soil moisture content. To measure soil moisture content by the gravimetric method a subsample of a fresh sieved composite sample or a fresh soil core is weighed, oven dried there is no further mass lose, and then re-weighed. The moisture content is expressed as mass of water per mass of dry soil (Reynolds, 1970). The equation was as follows: MC (%) = (Wt. of moist soil − Wt. of dry soil) / (Wt. of dry soil) x 100. Where, MC = Gravimetric soil moisture content. In addition, a central position of the experimental field was selected from where soil samples were collected periodically with 15 days interval. The periodic soil samples were analysed for electrical conductivity (1:5 soil water suspension) and gravimetric soil moisture content of soil. The sweet gourd fruits were harvest on maturity at 01 April 2019 in first year and 05 April 2020 in second year. The yield data were expressed as fresh weight basis. The chemical analysis of soil samples was done in the laboratory of the Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Data recorded on soil and crop characters were subjected to statistical analysis through computer based statistical program STAR (Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research) following basic principles as outlined by Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 19(1): 1–7, 2021 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.124573

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Soil salinity is the most devastating among all the environmental stresses. Without any management practice there is little scope to produce vegetable crops in saline soils, especially in the coastal salt affected soils of Bangladesh. Amendment of saline soil with cowdung and poultry manure was found very promising as they reduce salinity of soil and increase crop yield. Among the manures poultry manure was better than cowdung. Gypsum fertilizer application along with poultry manure also had a positive effect on sweet gourd yield in saline soils of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal