Study Area: This study was done in Sadar upazila (406.5 Km2) under Magura district (23°29'15.00" N 89°25'14.88" E) for 12 months starting from November 2017 to October 2018. The study period was divided into three time period such as summer (March-June), rainy (July-October), and winter (NovemberFebruary). The study area is enriched with diverse natural habitats that include grasslands, wetlands, agricultural lands, homestead forests, canals, and rivers. Six sites, both in urban and rural settings for data collection was considered. Among the six study sites, 3 were in the rural areas and 3 in urban areas. Equal number (9 field trips in each area) of field trips in both the rural and the urban areas were done. All habitats were classified into six categories viz., Flying, Grasslands (1> meter), Grounds (all type of land), Trees, Urban settlements (poles, buildings, towers, etc.) and Water body (both permanent and temporary). The survey covered the rural as well as the urban habitats such as trees (orchard, homestead garden, roadside tree), water body (pond, beel, canals, river sides, small and shallow water bodies), semi-urban settings (human habitations, small market, shack), grasslands (peripheral areas of agricultural land, bushes, thickets), grounds (fallow land, yard). Residential and commercial areas with congested large markets in urban settings were surveyed. Data collection protocol: Data collection was done through direct field observations using transect line methods (Gaston 1975) and at least 3 days were spent per month. The survey was conducted in the early morning (06:00 to 10:00 am) and in the afternoon (03:00 to 06:30 pm) to correlate with birds’ peak activity (Fisher and Hicks 2006) and night for nocturnal birds. At least 9 hours of effort (4 hours in morning + 3.30 hours in afternoon + 1.30 hours at night) per day totaling 324 hours was ensured. We surveyed equal number of transect lines both in the urban and the rural sites. The size of the transect line was 1000×100 square meters. Each transect line was observed repeatedly for at least two times. Some avifaunas which were normally hidden in the bushes, jungles, and branches of trees, were recorded by receiving their song and calls. Sometimes the calls were recorded by Huawei GT3 Phone which was later identified by the experts in the laboratory. Torchlight was used to observe nocturnal birds in the branches of trees. When any bird was seen during the survey, photographed them with a Nikon D7100 DSLR Camera with a 70-300 mm VR lens for accurate identification. Additionally, we talked to the local inhabitants and showed them photographs available in the field guide for identifying nocturnal as well as rare birds. We followed some popular Bangladeshi field guides on birds to identify them (Halder 2010, Khan 2015, IUCN Bangladesh 2015, Khan 2018). Data analysis: The relative abundance of particular bird species was calculated following the formula- Relative abundance = (Number of individuals of a species) / (Total number of individuals of all) x 100. Khan (2015) was followed to estimate the observation status as very common (VC) 80?100%, common (C) 50?79%, fairly common (FC) 20?49% and few (F) 10?19% which was calculated based on total sighting per survey attempt. The calculation was done according to Shannon-Wiener index (1949), Simpson's index (1949) of diversity and Evenness (quantifies how numerically equal the community is) in the study area using the following formulasShannon-Wiener Index, H = – ∑(Pi) |ln Pi| Evenness, E = H/ln (S) (natural log) Simpson's index of diversity, Ds = 1 – ∑ni(ni-1)/N(N-1) (where, ni= number of individuals of a species; N = the total number of individuals; Pi = (ni/N) number of individuals of a species/ total number of individuals of all species).