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Protective Effect of Dried Fruits of Carica Papaya on Hepatotoxicity in Rat

Md. Zafor Sadeque
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Zinnat Ara Begum
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Carica papaya has been evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity in rats. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. papaya showed significant hepatoprotection against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. The protective activity was evaluated by using biochemical parameters such as serum bilirubin, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The histopathological changes of liver were compared with control.

Keywords: Carica papaya, Hepatoprotective effect, Carbon tetrachloride

Location: Department of Chemistry of Dhaka University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Papaya

Objectives:

The present study was chosen to investigate the effect of dried fruits of C. papaya on hepatotoxicity (Rajkapoor et al., 2002) with giving emphasis on comparative efficacy of aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. papaya used in both studies which may be helpful for determination of active principle in future.

Methodology:

The fruits of C. papaya was brought from a local market in Dhaka city. The preparation of the aqueous and ethanol extracts were performed in the Department of Chemistry of Dhaka University. The green fruits of C. papaya were cut into small pieces, shade dried and powdered. To prepare aqueous extract, 200 g of powdered fruits of papaya were taken and mixed with 1500 mL of distilled water in a conical flask and kept for 24 hours with occasional shaking and stirring. Then filtration through fine cloth and kept for further 24 hours followed by refiltration by vacuum pump. Then the whole extract was concentrated with rotary vacuum evaporator under low temperature. Then the extract was put into freeze dryer to make it powder. Finally the extract was stored in refrigerator. To prepare ethanol extract 180 g of powdered fruits of papaya were suspended in 3 L of petroleum ether and kept in refrigerator overnight for removing all the fatty substances. The supernatant was discarded by filtration with fine cloth and the residue was kept open to dry out the petroleum ether by air. Then the residue material was mixed with 2.5 liters of 90% ethanol for 24 hours and being filtered, kept for another 24 hours with ethanol followed by refiltration by vacuum pump. Then the whole extract was concentrated with rotary vacuum evaporator. Then the extract was put into freeze dryer to make it powder. Finally the extract was stored in refrigerator.

Rattns norvigicus rats of either sex were procured from the animal house of ICDDR'B, Dhaka. The rats were 8 to 10 weeks old, healthy and weighing between 140 to 180 g. The rats were well accommodated in metallic cages (6 rats in each cage), at room temperature, in the animal house which was maintained in properly hygienic condition and well ventilated. The rats were fed with pelleted food (10 to 15 g/rat/day). Proper cleaning measures were taken regularly.

Adult rats of either sex were used for the present study. The rats were divided into five groups, each group comprising of 6 rats, treated for 7 days and sacrificed on 8^th day. For convenience, the experiment was divided into two parts: Experiment II and I. Experiment II was designed to demonstrate the hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 on normal rats. The rats of Group A and B were fed with normal diet and 2 mL distilled water orally for 7 days. Group B was given CCU at the dose of 1.3 mL/kg/day orally on 7^th day and both groups were sacrificed on 8^thday of experiment. In experiment I, Group C received normal diet; 2 mL distilled water each rat per day orally for 7 days. Group D received normal diet; 250 mg/kg aqueous extract of C. papaya in a volume of 2 mL of distilled water each rat per day orally for 7 days. Group E received normal diet, 250 mg/kg ethanol extract of C. papaya in a volume of 2 mL of distilled water each rat per day orally for 7 days. On the seventh day CCl₄ (1.3 mL/kg/day orally) was administered to all the rats of each group and sacrificed on 8^th day of experiment. On average, 3 mL blood from each rat was collected by cardiac puncture for the estimation of serum bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP levels of the rats by enzymatic colorimetric method. Livers were collected to see the histological changes.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2010; 5: 48-50

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study shows the hepatoprotective effect of C. papaya on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Further studies should be carried out to determine the active principles responsible for the hepatoprotective effects and its cellular mechanism of action.

Knowledge Management: Journal