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Estimation of Temperature Co-efficient of Wheat for Adjusting Proper Sowing Time

A.A. Begum
Agronomy Division, BARI, Gazipur.

M.A.K. Mian
Agronomy Division, BARI, Gazipur.

J. Rahman
RARS, Jamalpur.

M.M. Khanum
ARS, Rajbari, Dinajpur.

M.Z. Ali
Agronomy Division, BARI, Gazipur.

R.R.Saha
Oilseed Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy research field, Joydebpur, Gazipur (Latitude: 23.999941, Longitude: 90.420273), RARS, Jamalpur (Latitude: 24.923025, Longitude: 89.950111) and ARS, Rajbari, Dinajpur (Latitude: 25.63544, Longitude: 88.65144) of BARI during rabi of 2018 – 2019 to observe the growth behavior and yield of wheat as influenced by prevailing air temperature based on sowing time. There were five sowing dates viz., D₁ = 10 November, D₂ =20 November, D₃ = 30 November, D₄=10 December, and D₅=20 December. The sowing date showed great influence on TDM production, LAI, physiological maturity, yield, and yield components of wheat. 30 November sowing produced the maximum TDM and LAI followed by 20 November sowing. These parameters finally contributed to higher grain yield than earlier and later sowing dates. The crop sown on 30 November took the longest period (105, 106, and 109 days, respectively) to attain the physiological maturity with the highest GDD (1639, 1638, and 1640 respectively) and 20 December sown crop took the shortest period (95, 96 and 98 days respectively) to attain the physiological maturity with the lowest GDD (1530, 1528 and 1525 at Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Rajbari, respectively). It was also found that the 30 November sown crop produced the higher grain yield (4.90 t ha^-1, 4.99 t ha^-1, and 5.03 t ha^-1 at Joydebpur, Jamalpur, and Rajbari, respectively). The results revealed that 20-30 November sowing produced higher grain yield might be due to favorable air temperature for growth and development. Late sowing after November 30 produced lower grain yield due to high temperature prevailed at the later growth stage (March) of wheat at Joydebpur, Jamalpur, and Rajbari region. The temperature co-efficient of wheat was estimated at 2.41 t ha^-1 (1.95-2.89 t ha^-1) indicated grain yield reduced 2.41 t ha^-1 per 1°C increased of air temperature and effect of temperature on the grain yield of wheat was estimated at 81-84%.

Keywords: Temperature co-efficient, Sowing time, Wheat, GDD, LAI, DM, Grain, Yield

Location: Agronomy research field, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, RARS, Jamalpur.

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To observe the growth behavior and yield of wheat as influenced by prevailing air temperature as well as other weather elements based on sowing time.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research field, Joydebpur, Gazipur (Latitude: 23.999941, Longitude: 90.420273), RARS, Jamalpur (Latitude: 24.923025, Longitude: 89.950111) and ARS, Rajbari, Dinajpur (Latitude: 25.63544, Longitude: 88.65144) during rabi of 2018 – 2019. The soil was silty clay in texture at Joydebpur (AEZ-28), silty loam at Jamalpur (AEZ-9), and sandy loam at Rajbari (AEZ-3). The treatments were five sowing date: D₁ = 10 November, D₂ =20 November, D₃ = 30 November, D₄=10 December and D₅=20 December. The experiment was laid out in an RCB design with three replications and the unit plot size was 5m × 4 m in all locations. Wheat seeds were sown as per treatment in line with maintaining 20 cm row to row spacing. Fertilizers were applied @ 120-30-90-15- 3-1 kg ha^-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn-B, respectively (BARC, 2012), in the form of urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, zinc sulphate, and boric acid. Two third of urea and full doses of other fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining one-third of urea was top-dressed at CRI stage followed by irrigation in all locations. Data on growth parameters like leaf area and dry matter accumulation were measured at different dates with 15 days intervals at the Joydebpur location. To record dry matter weight and leaf area, one linear meter was sampled at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest. Different plant parts of the collected samples were separated and then oven-dried at 80°C for 72 hours. Leaf area was measured by an automatic leaf area meter (L13100 c, L1COR, USA). For estimation of physiological maturity and grain growth study, five spikes were harvested from each plot after anthesis starting from 5 days after anthesis at four days intervals. It was continued up to 32 days after anthesis (DAA). The harvested spikes were oven-dried at 70°C for 72 hours. Twenty grains of each spike were separated from the middle of each spike and then the weight was taken. The crop was harvested at physiological maturity. The 10 November, 20 November, 30 November, 10 December, and 20 December sowing crops were harvested on 3 March, 6 March, 13 March, 19 March, and 28 March, respectively. Yield contributing characters were recorded from one linear meter at the time of harvest. Yield data were recorded by harvesting ten square meter area excluding border. Data was analyzed statistically following MSTAT-C software package Gomez and Gomez (1984) and means were compared using LSD test at a 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 69-80

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i2.52454

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results revealed that physiological maturity, as well as crop duration of wheat, was reduced by the influence of higher temperature. Sowing from 20 November to 30 November would be the optimum sowing date for wheat in relation to air temperature, and early or late sown caused about a 2-36% yield reduction over 30 November sowing. The temperature co-efficient of wheat was estimated at 2.41 t ha^-1 (1.95-2.89 t ha^-1) indicated grain yield reduced @ 2.41 t ha^-1 per 1°C increased of air temperature and effect of temperature on the grain yield of wheat was estimated at 81-84%.

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