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Influence of Organic Manures on Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages of Wheat

A.K.M.R. Amin
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207.

M.A. Baque
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Agronomy Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to March 2019 to evaluate the suitable organic source to mitigate the drought stress impact on wheat. The experiment comprised two factors viz. factor A: Three levels of organic manures, i) O₀ = Control (Without organic manure), ii) O₁ ₌ Cowdung (10 t/ha), iii) O₂ ₌ Poultry litter (5 t/ha), and factor B: four levels of drought i) D₀ = Control (without drought), ii) D₁ = Crown root initiation stage (at 20-29 DAS), iii) D₂ = Booting stage (at 45-54 DAS), iv) D₃ = Anthesis stage (at 55-64 DAS). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (factorial) with three replications. Organic manure showed a positive impact on yield and cowdung (O₁) gave the highest grain yield (4.06 g plant^-1). This may be attributed to the highest number of effective tillers plant^-1 (3.21), spike length (9.53 cm), spikelet spike^-1 (17.31), grains spikelet^-1 (2.31), and 1000-grain weight (44.61 g) of wheat in this treatment. In respect of drought imposition treatments, grain yield was found higher in the control treatment (without the imposition of drought) which was statistically similar to drought imposition at booting stage treatment (D₂). These two treatments also showed the highest number of effective tillers plant^-1, spikelets spike^-1, grains spike^-1, and 1000-grain weight. Regarding the interaction of organic manure and drought, cowdung without drought imposition (O₁D₀) and cowdung with drought imposition at booting stage (O₁D₂) were the highest yielders among the other interactions which were attributed to higher 1000-seed weight, number of effective tillers plant^-1, spikelets spike^-1 and grains spike^-1. Results revealed that the application of organic manure could reduce the impact of drought on wheat irrespective of growth stages. However, the application of cowdung (10 t ha^-1) was found more effective to combat drought impact at the booting stage of wheat compared to other growth stages.

Keywords: Organic manure, Drought stress, Yield, Wheat

Location: Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207.

Start Date: 00-11-2018

End Date: 00-03-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures, Wheat

Objectives:

1. To determine the effect of water stress at different growth stages of wheat and

2. To combat water stress through the application of organic manure.

Methodology:

The pot experiment was conducted at the net house of the department of agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, during the period of November 2018 to March 2019. The experimental field was located at 23⁰41’ N latitude and 90^o22’ E longitude at a height of 8.6 m above sea level. The soil of the experimental site was clay loam belonging to the “Madhupur Tract” under AEZ 28. The experiment comprised two factors viz. factor A: Organic manure (O)-3, i) O₀ = Control (Recommended dose of chemical fertilizer/ RDCF + without organic fertilizer ), ii) O₁ ₌ RDCF + Cowdung, iii) O₂ ₌ RDCF + Poultry litter, factor B: Comprising drought by removing irrigation- 4 i) D₀= Control (without drought), ii) D₁ = Crown root initiation stage (at 19-20 DAS), iii) D₂ = Booting stage (at 45-54 DAS), iv) D₃ = Anthesis stage (at 55-64 DAS). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (factorial) with three replications. A total of 36 earthen pots measuring 22 cm diameter and 18 cm height were collected from the local market. Each pot was fill-up with 20 kg of soil. Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, Zinc oxide, and Boric acid were used at the rate of 200, 72, 66, 110, 4, and 5 kg ha^-1 (2.00, 0.72, 0.66, 1.10, 0.04, and 0.05 g pot^-1), respectively mixed with the soil before fill-up the pot except for urea. Urea was applied in three equal splits at pot filling up, 21 DAS, and 55 DAS. Cowdung and poultry litter were applied in the pots @ 10 and 5 t ha^-1, respectively as per treatment. Seeds of wheat variety BARI Gom28 were collected from Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI) campus, Joydebpur, Gazipur. Before sowing, seeds were treated with Provex 200EC @ 2.5 g powder for kg^-1 seed. Ten seeds were sown in each pot on 23^rd November 2018. After sowing, the seeds were covered with soil and lightly pressed by hand. Five plants were kept for assessment in each pot after 14 DAS. Different intercultural operations were done to ensure normal growth of the crop except irrigation. Irrigation was applied as per need of treatment of the experiment where irrigation was not applied during drought imposition period(s) treatments. The crop was harvested at different dates on the basis of physiological maturity. The crop was harvested on 11 March 2019. Data on different crop characters, yield attributes, and yield were collected from the harvested five plants from each pot. Threshing, cleaning, and drying of grains were done separately for each treatment. Properly dried grain and straw were weighed and converted into g plant^-1 basis. The collected data of each pot were statistically analyzed to obtain the level of significance using the computer-based software Statistics10. Mean differences among the treatments were tested with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test at a 5 % level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 81-86

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i2.52455

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded from the result that, application of cow dung (10 t ha^-1) seems promising to overcome yield loss due to drought stress at the booting stage of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal