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Organic Amendment on Soil Quality and Yield Performance of Dry Direct Seeded Boro Rice

M.M. Rahman
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M. Uddin
Post-graduate student
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Khitrokashipur, Durgapur, Rajshahi during March to June 2018 to study the effect of organic amendment on soil quality and yield performance of dry direct-seeded boro rice var. BRRI dhan28. The treatments were Trichocompost (TC), Vermicompost (VC), mustard oil cake (MOC), Trichocompost + mustard oil cake (TC+MOC), Vermicompost + mustard oil cake (VC + MOC), and no amendment control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Trichocompost and Vermicompost were applied @ 3 t ha^-1, while mustard oil cake was used @ 0.5 t ha^-1. The results revealed that Trichocompost and vermicompost fertilization exerted a significant influence on the yield performance of BRRI dhan28 in the boro season. The treatment trichocompost (T₁) @ 5 t ha^-1 produced the highest grain yield (5.95 t ha^-1), while the mustard oil cake (T₃) @ 0.5 t ha^-1 was the highest effective tillers hill^-1 (15.33), though the highest straw yield (5.46 t ha^-1) was produced in the treatment VC + MOC (T₅). In the case of soil properties, Trichocompost (T₁) @ 3 t ha^-1 and mustard oil cake (T₃) @ 0.5 t ha^-1 improved soil organic matter content, while Trichocompost (T₁) @ 3 t ha^-1 and Vermicompost (T₂) @ 0.5 t ha^-1 improved phosphorus and potassium content. Field capacity was greatly influenced by Trichocompost (T₁) @ 3 t ha^-1 and Vermicompost + mustard oil cake (T₅). Soils with Trichocompost (T₁) @ 3 t ha^-1 showed the highest bulk density. It was concluded that organic amendment greatly improved the yield performance of BRRI dhan28 and also soil physical and chemical properties under a dry direct-seeded boro rice cultivation system.

Keywords: Trichocompost, Vermicompost, Mustard oil cake, Water saving, Boro rice, Organic matter

Location: Durgapur Upazila in the Rajshahi district.

Start Date: 00-03-2018

End Date: 00-06-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil quality, Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of organic amendment on soil quality and yield performance of dry seeded boro rice under T. aman rice – Mustard - DDS boro rice cropping pattern.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at a farmers’ field in Khitrokashipur village of Durgapur Upazila in the Rajshahi district. The field is located at 24°75¢ N latitude, 90°50¢ E longitude and at an altitude of 18m. The area falls under the High Barind Tract agro-ecological zone (AEZ-26) having non–calcareous dark grey floodplain soil. The land was a medium-high with moderate drainage facilities. The soil was silt loam having a pH value of 6.5. The particle density and bulk density values of soil were 2.60 and 1.35 g cc^-1, respectively. The soil contained 1.78% organic matter, 0.14% total N, 1.98 µ g^-1 available P, 0.10 meq 100g^-1 exchangeable K, and 4.56 µg g^-1 available S. The experimental area falls under the sub-tropical climate characterized by its heavy rainfall during Kharif season (April to September) and scanty rainfall during Rabi season (October to March). The study included six combinations of three organic manures viz., (i) Trichocompost (TC) @ 3 t ha^-1 (T₁); (ii) Vermicompost (VC) @ 3 t ha^-1 (T₂); (iii) Mustard oil cake (MOC) @ 0.5 t ha ^-1 (T₃); (iv) =Trichocompost + mustard oil cake @ 0.5 t ha^-1 (T₄); (v) Vermicompost + mustard oil cake @ 0.5 t ha^-1 (T₅) and (vi) Control (no organic matter applied, T₀) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The size of each unit plot was 3m x 2.5m. The experiment was done under T. aman rice – mustard - DDS boro cropping pattern. Twenty-five days old seedling of BRRI dhan57 was transplanted in well-puddled land at 25 cm x 15 cm spacing with three seedling hill^-1 on 12 July 2017. The crop was cultivated with recommended agronomic management practices as and when needed. The aman rice was harvested on 5 November 2017. Then mustard var. BARI Sharisha14 was sown on 27 November and harvested on 20 February 2018. After harvesting of mustard, rice var. BRRI dhan28 was grown following the standard practices for a dry direct-seeded system. Seeds were sown in furrows with 5 seeds hill^-1 on 16 March 2018 under a dry direct-seeded system. The land was fertilized with urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, and gypsum at the rate of 375 kg, 60 kg, 92 kg, and 70 kg ha^-1, respectively. The whole amount of triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, and gypsum were applied at the time of final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at 21, 42, and 63 days after sowing (DAS). Pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33EC) was applied for weed control @ 50 ml 10 L^-1 of water on 17 March 2018. Intercultural operations were done for maintaining the normal growth and development of the crop. Weeding was done twice by hand pulling at 21 and 41DAS. Irrigation was provided only to maintain the field at moist soil conditions for successful crop growth and development. During the whole crop period, only four irrigations were given at 22, 43, 65, and 73 DAS. The crop was infested by Thrips which was controlled by applying Diazinon @ 35 ml 10 L^-1 of water. The crop was harvested at full maturity on 23 June 2018 from the central 1.8 m × 1.5 m area of each plot for recording yields of grain and straw. Grains and straws were sun-dried and cleaned. Grain yields were adjusted to 14% moisture and converted to ton per hectare. Data on various plant characters like plant height, tiller production, and yield contributing characters were recorded from randomly collected five hills plot^-1 before plot harvest. After harvesting of boro rice, a soil sample was collected from 0 to 15 cm depth from the experimental field by the iron core to record soil-related data- soil pH, bulk density, organic matter content (%), field capacity (%), phosphorus, and potassium content. After processing the soil was taken to the Humboldt Soil Lab of the Department of Soil Science, BAU. Soil pH was determined by the Glass Electrode pH meter. The soil phosphorus was determined by the Olsen method (Horta and Torrent, 2007). Soil organic matter content was determined by the wet oxidation method. For determining field capacity (%) collected soils with cores were soaked with water for about 48 hours. After that soil was allowed to air dry for about 72 hours and weighted. The field capacity (%) was determined using the following formulae. Field capacity (%) = Soil weight after 72 hour−oven dry soil weight/Oven dry soil weight x 100. The collected data were compiled and tabulated in proper form and were subjected to statistical analysis with the help of a computer package program Statistics 10 and mean differences were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 103-109

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i2.52459

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The organic amendment significantly influenced the yield performance of dry direct-seeded boro rice and the highest grain yield was obtained with TC @ 0.3 t ha^-1 (T₁). Thus, organic matter amendment along with recommended chemical fertilization application is an important management option for obtaining the high grain yield of dry direct-seeded boro rice in a rice-based cropping system.

Knowledge Management: Journal