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Genetic Diversity in Fiber Related Traits of Tossa Jute (corchorus Olitorius L.) Germplam

M.T. Islam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka, Bangladesh

B.N. Shompa
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka, Bangladesh

J. Rahman
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic diversity of twenty-one genotypes of Tossa jute was studied through Mahalanobis D² statistic and principal component analysis for 15 quantitative traits related to yield at the research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of genotypes (nine), while cluster II had the lowest number of genotypes (three). The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the cluster. The highest intra-cluster distance was noticed for cluster I and the lowest for cluster IV. The genotypes from cluster I could be selected as parents for hybridization for producing transgressive segregants. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between clusters I and IV followed by clusters I and III and the lowest were between clusters III and IV. Cluster IV recorded the highest mean value for plant height, base diameter, root length, leaf area, fresh weight with and without leaves, dry fiber weight, and dry stick weight. In the total divergence, the highest contribution was recorded in plant height (65.1%) followed by base diameter (16.6%). The first two principal components, whose eigenvalues were greater than one, accounted for 81.7% of the total variations among the genotypes for fifteen fiber-related traits. Considering the magnitude of cluster distance, cluster means for different characters, and contribution of characters towards divergence, the genotypes G17, G18 from cluster IV; G1, G2, G5, G10, G16 from cluster I and G4 from cluster III could be selected as promising parents for hybridization program.

Keywords: Cluster analysis, D2 statistic, Genetic diversity, Principle component analysis, Jute

Location: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

To develop transgressive segregants which will be ultimately used for developing modern jute variety.

Methodology:

The seeds were collected from the breeding division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka. The field experiment was conducted in the Kharif season (March - September) at the research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The seeds of each genotype were sown in line during March of Kharif - I season (25^th March 2017). A randomized complete block design was followed with three replications in the area of 250 m² research plot and in each replication 3 rows of each genotype were sown maintaining the distance of 5 cm from plant to plant within each line and 30 cm from line to line. Before sowing, the seeds were treated with Bavistin @ 2.0 g/kg seed. All agronomic practices e.g. weeding, thinning, irrigation, drainage, application of fertilizers, and pesticides were followed according to the recommendation of BJRI (Islam and Rahman, 2008). In this field, experiment jute was harvested 110-130 days after planting, depending on variety and accessions. Some genotypes were sensitive to short day lengths, causing them to bloom prematurely. These genotypes were harvested within 110 days after planting, just before pods develop. Data were collected on 15 yields and yield-related parameters such as plant height (m), base diameter (cm), middle diameter (cm), top diameter (cm), number of node plant^-1, number of branch plant^-1, petiole length (cm), leaf area (cm²), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), root weight plant^-1 (g), fresh weight with leaves plant^-1 (g), fresh weight without leaves plant^-1 (g), dry stick weight plant^-1 (g) and dry fiber weight plant^-1 (g). Five plants of each genotype from each replication were selected at random for recording the data on various parameters. Replication means over 3 replications were used for statistical analysis. The genetic diversity among the genotypes was studied following Mahalanobis (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO), Cluster Analysis (CA), and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) were carried out by using GENSTAT 5.13 software.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 27-37 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51106

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The investigation on the genetic diversity of Tossa jute genotypes indicates that there is an appreciable amount of genetic variation among the genotypes. Based on the extent of genetic diversity groups, the Tossa jute genotypes were grouped into four diversified clusters which helped to select the genotypes to be used as prospective parents for the crossing program. Particularly, the genotypes G17 and G18 from cluster IV; G1, G2, G5, G10, and G16 from cluster I and G4 from cluster III might be selected as these genotypes had the greatest genetic divergence. It may be assumed that upon hybridization their offspring could produce high heterotic combinations and transgressive segregants for developing new Tossa jute variety.

Knowledge Management: Journal