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Evaluation of Tomato Varieties Against Resistance to Fruit Borer (helicoverpa Armigera Hub.)

S. Nasrin
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

M.A. Mannan
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

M.M. Islam
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

S.A.K.U. Khan
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sixteen tomato varieties were evaluated against fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) to find out borer-resistant tomato varieties. The eight varieties were collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and eight varieties from the farmer’s field of South-west Bangladesh. This field experiment was conducted in a protected net house suitable for inoculation of the fruit borer at the germplasm center of Khulna University for two years (2018 and 2019). Data were collected on fruit physical characters and borer infestation. The genotypes BARI Tomato-18, BARI Tomato-16, Ruma-VF, Pusa Ruby, and Guli had the minimum weight of infested fruit (3.57%, 3.63%, 4.83%, 7.17%, and 7.67%, respectively ) as well as the minimum number of infested fruits (both were bellow10%) with the minimum number of larvae of H. armigera (0.23, 0.28, 0.27, 0.54 and 0.60 larvae plant^-1, respectively). BARI Tomato-8, BARI Tomato-17, and Paltola were found as more susceptible (29.71%, 26.01%, and 28.95% infestation, respectively) than the others. Maximum fruit weight plant^-1 was recorded from the genotypes BARI Tomato-18, BARI Tomato-19, Surakha, and Paltola (2603g, 2687g, 2755g, and 2731g respectively), and among these BARI Tomato-18 and Suraksha gave maximum fresh yield plant^-1 (2512.77 g and 2476.53 g, respectively). The fruit infestation rate was significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight loss plant^-1 (r = 0.971), larvae plant^-1 (r = 0.789), fruit diameter (r = 0.567) and individual fruit weight (r = 0.545). On the other hand, the fruit shape index (r = -0.44) and the number of fruit plant^-1 (r = -0.498) were significant and negatively correlated with the fruit infestation rate. It could be concluded that BARI Tomato-18 and BARI Tomato-16 are resistant as well as high-yielding varieties.

Keywords: Fruit borer, Resistant, Susceptible, Tomato

Location: Khulna University

Start Date: 00-10-2017

End Date: 00-03-2019

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Borer, Tomato, Insects, Tomato

Objectives:

To identify the fruit morphological characteristics influencing the infestation rate of tomato fruit borer.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the field of germplasm center of Khulna University during the winter season from October 2017 to March 2018 in 1st year and October 2018 to March 2019 in the 2nd year. The average winter temperatures in 1^st year were around 13.9-26.5⁰C, rainfall 44mm and humidity 73 % (BBS 2018), and in 2^nd year, temperature 9.9-30.7⁰C, rainfall 58mm, and humidity 75 % (BBS 2019). Sixteen tomato varieties, including 8 improved varieties viz; BARI Tomato-2, BARI Tomato-8, BARI Tomato-14, BARI Tomato-15, BARI Tomato-16, BARI Tomato- 17, BARI Tomato-18, and BARI Tomato-19 developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), and 8 available genotypes were collected from the farmers in South-west Bangladesh, viz; Bonkim Ruby, Pusa Ruby, Suraksa, Patharkuchi, Ruma VF, Ruma 19, Guli and Paltola were evaluated on their performance against tomato fruit borer. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The total numbers of plots were 48 and the plot size was 2.25 m x 1.8 m consist of 15 tomato plants with spacing 45 cm X 60 cm. The experimental field was covered by the mosquito nets with the help of bamboo so the plant was protected from other insect pests except for the fruit borer because the fruit borer was artificially inoculated in the net house thus the crop was completely free from the insecticidal application. Normal agronomic practices such as ploughing, manuring, irrigation, and staking were conducted uniformly. The twenty randomly picked fruits from each replication of each variety were harvested and measured for length and diameter with the help of a digital slide caliper. Then the average was taken in mm. The fruit shape index was recorded on the basis of the ratio of their respective fruit length and fruit diameter. The average number of fruits was recorded by counting the fruits of sample plants. The weight of thirty randomly picked fruits from each replication of each variety was measured and then the average was taken as individual fruit weight. Fruit yield (fresh and damaged) of eight randomly selected plants of each variety from the three replications recorded at each picking were cumulated and the average yield plant^-1 was worked out. Similarly, the fresh fruit was weighed and the weight of fresh fruit per plant was calculated. The total number of fresh fruits and infested fruits of each variety were counted at each harvesting stage. Fruits were considered fresh and infested based on fruit borer infestation. The number of larvae plant^-1 was recorded by randomly selecting eight plants per variety in each plot. Data were recorded weekly till the infestation of the fruit borer was over and the mean was calculated. %age of fruit infestation was calculated on a weight and number basis. A rating system for fruit damage developed by Kashyap and Verma (1987) was followed for estimating the resistance and susceptibility of selected tomato varieties. The data were statistically analyzed for ANOVA using the STAR package computer program. The significance of differences among the treatment means was evaluated by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 87-99 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51111

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that none of the tested genotypes were free from H. armigera infestation. BARI Tomato-18 and BARI Tomato-16 gave better results as borer resistance with higher fruit shape index and fresh yield plant^-1. BARI Tomato-8, BARI Tomato-17, and Paltola were more susceptible containing higher infestation as well as higher % yield loss by fruit borer. BARI Tomato-18 and BARI Tomato-16 may be included in the IPM system.

Knowledge Management: Journal