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Substitution of Soybean Meal by Shrimp Head Meal (penaeus Monodon) in Poultry Ration for the Performance of Growing Pullets

S. S. Islam
Agro Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh

C. Paul
Agro Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh

Md. B. Islam
Agro Technology Discipline, Khulna University Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To minimize the production cost of poultry and poultry products, it is important to formulate low-cost balanced ration utilizing unconventional feed resources. Therefore, the experiment was carried out to measure the effect of substituting soybean meal (SBM) by different levels of shrimp head meal (SHM) to the ration of growing layer pullets. A control corn-soybean layer grower (pullet) diet and four different levels of SHM included diets as substitution of SBM were fed to five groups of Hisex White pullets from 5th to 18th weeks of age. All groups of pullets fed isocaloric feeds (2765 Kcal kg^-1). The control group T₀ (0 % SHM+20 % SBM) received grower ration formulated with traditional feed ingredients with no substitution of SBM. The SBM contents of other treatment groups were substituted at the rate of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % by the SHM and were adjusted as 5 % SHM+15 % SBM (T1), 10 % SHM+10 % SBM (T₂), 15 % SHM+5 % SBM (T₃) and 20 % SHM+0 % SBM (T₄) keeping other ingredients constant as of control. Cumulative feed intake increased with the increasing level of SHM of diets. Feed cost and mortality rate decreased with the increasing level of SHM in the ration. Significantly lowest FCR at most of the age categories, highest cumulative body weight (p<0.05) at 18 weeks and highest weight at maturity (p<0.05) were found in treatment group fed 5 % SHM. Therefore, it can be concluded that substitution of 25 % SBM of the ration by SHM is suitable for the better performance of growing layer pullets.

Keywords: Growth, Pullet, Shrimp head meal, Soybean meal, Unconventional feed

Location: Gain Field Laboratory, Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of inclusion of different levels of SHM inthe ration assubstitution of SBM on the performance of pullets.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory, Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. Hisex White layer hybrid pullets were selected to conduct the experiment as it was reported better performer among five different hybrids (Islam et al., 2013). The design of the experiment was assigned based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental birds were divided into five treatment groups and assigned at random to five different rations having five different levels of shrimp head meal (SHM). There were 3 replications for each treatment and the number of birds under each replication was 20. Therefore, 60 birds were kept under each treatment and total number of birds was 300. The feeding trial was continued from 5^th weeks of age up to the start of laying (18 weeks of age). Bio-security measurement Proper bio-security measures were taken during the experimental period. A disinfectant spray was used before entering into the shed. Entrance of visitors was restricted and there was no access to wild birds, predators, rodents or other animals. Management practices The experimental birds were kept in a shed having slate floor. The floor as well as feeders and waterers were cleaned and disinfected regularly. Debeaking program was done at 70 days of bird?s age using electrical debeaker. Seventeen hours of lighting was maintained at the start of experiment (5th week of age) which was gradually reduced in 12 hours at 8 weeks and continued up to the end of the experiment. Birds were vaccinated against all infectious diseases such as Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, Marek's, fowl pox, salmonella, infectious laryngotracheitis, fowl cholera and egg drop syndrome according to the recommendation of the vaccine manufacturer. Deworming and medication against coccidiosis was provided routinely. All birds were kept in the similar environment and uniform management was allowed to all the birds. Preparation and proximate analysis of shrimp head meal Heads of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were collected from shrimp processing plant at Rupsha, Khulna. After arrival of shrimp heads in the experimental siteit was allowed to sundry for three consecutive days. After drying the shrimp heads were crushed by a grinding machine. Proximate components (DM, 128 Islam et al. CP, CF, EE and ash contents) of the shrimp head meal was estimated in the Animal Husbandry Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University following the method of AOAC (2005). Proximate composition of head from two major species of shrimp such as giant freshwater prawn popularly known as golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and black tiger popularly known as bagda (Penaeus monodon) was determined separately. Ration formulation and feeding system After weighing, required amount of feed ingredients and feed additives were mixed homogeneously using a feed mixing machine. In the experimental rations, main protein source (SBM @ 20 %) was substituted by SHM at the rate of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %, respectively. Therefore, the combinations of SHM and SBM of the diets of five treatment groups were 0 % SHM+20 % SBM, 5 % SHM+15 % SBM, 10 % SHM+10 % SBM, 15 % SHM+5 % SBM and 20 % SHM+0 % SBM for treatments T₀, T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄, respectively. Feeds and water were suppliesto the experimental pullets two times daily first in the morning at 7.30 am and second in the evening at 4.00 pm. Chicks under all treatment groups fed isocaloric diets (2765 Kcal kg^-1 ). Data collection and statistical analysis Data of feed intake were collected daily and body weight on weekly basis. Collected data were recorded in register properly. Analysis was done with the help of computer program „MSTAT-C?. Least significant difference (LSD) was done to compare the treatment means for different parameters. Regression analysis was done using Microsoft Excel.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 18(2): 125-137 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i2.51114

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, cumulative body weight decreased and age at maturity increased with the increasing level of shrimp head meal (SHM) in the rations which indicate that complete substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by SHM is not suitable. However, feed cost and mortality rate decreased with the increasing level of SHM in the ration. Significantly lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) at most of the age categories, highest cumulative body weight (p<0.05) at 18 weeks and highest weight at maturity (p<0.05) were found in treatment group fed ration with a combination of 5 kg SHM and 15 kg SBM100 kg^-1. Therefore, it can be concluded that the 25% substitution of SBM of the ration by SHM is suitable for better performance of growing layer pullets.

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