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Investigation on Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Extracted from Carica Papaya L. Seed

Prianka Saha
Lecturer, Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Md. Mahiuddin*
Assistant Professor, Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Nirob Kumar Saha
Assistant Professor, Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

A.B.M. Nazmul Islam
Assistant Professor, Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Mosummath Hosna Ara
Professor, Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was aimed to extract oil from Carica papaya L. seeds by solvent extraction with petroleum ether. The extraction process was carried out for 36 hours and reddish yellow coloured oil (24.01%) was obtained. Esterification and saponification of extracted seed oil can be carried out by using different catalyst. But in this study the extracted oil was esterified with BF3-methanolic solution and the percentages of fatty acids were estimated as the methyl esters of fatty acids by Gas Chromatography. The fatty acid compositions of Carica papaya L. seed oil were oleic (78.88%), palmitic (15.96%), stearic (4.71%) and arachidic (0.44%) acids. It was implied that the unsaturated fatty acid of the seed oil was more than the saturated one. On the basis of this result, the papaya seed oil can be considered as potential source of oleic acid and alternative source of vegetable oils.

Keywords: Solvent extraction, Esterification, Saponification, Fatty Acid, Carica papaya L.

Location: Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Papaya

Objectives:

This research was aimed to extract oil from Carica papaya L. and to investigate the fatty acid composition in extracted oil. Beside this, additional aim was to assess the activity of BF3-methanolic solution as catalyst. However, in order to make a more efficient use of papaya, it is worth investigating the use of the seeds as a source of oil.

Methodology:

The sample Carica papaya L. seeds were collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Then the seeds were washed with distilled water then dried in sunlight for 7 days. The dried seeds were grinded by mortar to make powder and it used for the extraction of oil. Analytical grade chemicals and reagents namely Acetone (Fischer Scientific), Petroleum ether (Merck, Germany), n-hexane (Merck, Germany), Methanol (Merck, Germany), Hydrochloric acid (Sigma Chemical Co. USA), Boron trifluoride 12% (1.5 M) in Methanol (Acros Organics, USA), NaOH pellets (Loba Chemie Pvt Ltd., India) and Anhydrous sodium sulphate (Loba, Chemie Pvt Ltd., India)were used for all the analyses. Extraction of oil from seed of Carica papaya L. The oil was extracted from Carica papaya L. by soxhlet extractor. In this method the dried sample was placed in a packet of markin cloth, a porous cellulose thimble. The thimble was placed in an extraction chamber, suspended above a round bottom flask containing the solvent (petroleum ether) and below a condenser. The flask was heated by heating mental and the solvent evaporates and moves up into the condenser where it was converted into a liquid that trickles into the extraction chamber containing the sample. The extraction chamber was designed so that when the solvent surrounding the sample exceeds a certain level it overflows and trickles back down into the boiling flask. This process was continued for 36 hours. At the end of the extraction process, the round bottom flask containing the solvent and oil is removed and the mixture containing petroleum ether and oil was taken in a dry pear shaped flask. The mixture of the seed oils and petroleum ether was separated using rotary evaporator. Then the oil was stored at 0 to 4 °C. The content of the oil in the seed was calculated to evaluate the percentage of oil in the seed. Determination of fatty acid composition of Carica Papaya L. seed oil The oil extracted from Carica papaya L. seeds were esterified first and then analysed for the composition of fatty acids by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector.Approximately 400 mg of seed oil extracted from seed sample was taken in a pear shaped flask and 3.0 mL of n-hexane was added to the oil. Then the mixture was evaporated with a rotary evaporator to dryness. 10.0 ml of 0.5 M methanolic NaOH was added to the pear shaped flask. The mixture was ultrasonicated for 5 minutes and then refluxed on boiling water at about 96?C for an hour. The mixture was evaporated with a rotary evaporator to dryness and 4.0 ml of water was added to it. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 4.5 (just acidic) with 0.2M HCl in which the blue litmus paper was turned to red. The mixture was shaken vigorously and then extracted with n-hexane. The organic layer was collected. The hexane part was made free from water by adding anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solution was filtered, evaporated to dryness and 10 ml of boron trifluoride-methanol (BF3-MeOH) complex was added. The mixture was refluxed on a boiling water bath for an hour. The mixture was then evaporated with a rotary evaporator to nearly dryness and finally 2.0 ml of hexane was added and filtered through a pasture pipette containing cotton filter and anhydrous sodium sulphate on the cotton filter. The filtrate was concentrated to 1 mL and was taken in a GC vial. The vial was wrapped with aluminium foil and parafilm for protection of solution from air and moisture and then labelled the vial. The meniscus of the solutions was marked with permanent ink. These solutions were stored in the freezer of a refrigerator and sent for analysing by GC-FID to find out the fatty acid composition of seed oil at department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Source of Information: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 7, Issue 10, October 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2018.0710066

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study revealed that papaya seed contains lower content of oil. BF3-Methanol catalysed esterification of papaya seed oil was a potential source of unsaturated fatty acid like oleic acid and the percentages of yield was almost similar to other methods. The high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids would make the oil an acceptable substitute for other highly unsaturated oils. However, before being considered adequate for food applications, toxicological studies need to be carried out to ascertain whether or not this oil is safe. Information provided by the present study is of great importance for further chemical investigations of papaya seed oil and industrial utilization of the papaya seeds as a raw material to foods and cosmetics

Knowledge Management: Journal