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Identification and Measurement the Extent of the Chemicals Used for Early Ripening and Preservation of Fruits in the Southwestern Region of Bangladesh

I. Ahmed*
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.

M. A. Mannan
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.

M. B. Ahmed
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Laboratory in Khulna University, Khulna, Asia Arsenic Network Laboratory, Jessore and Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division, BARI, Gazipur, of Bangaldesh during the period from April to July, 2011. The objectives of the study to measure and identify the harmful chemicals (Calcium Carbide, Formalin, Ethefon) used for ripening and preservation of fruits in Jsssore, Khulna and Satkhira markets. In Jessore, Khulna, and Satkhira markets, calcium carbide was found 80%, 70% and 70% mango samples and 40%, 50% and 60% banana samples, respectively. From the same markets no carbide was found in papaya samples. Each of the Jessore and Satkhira markets no carbide was found in any jackfruits but from Khulnamarket 20% jackfruits contained calcium carbide. In Jessore markets, 20% mango, 5% banana and 2% papaya samples contained formalin. In Khulna markets 25% mango, 6% banana and 3% papaya samples contained formalin residue. It was found from Satkhira markets that 15% mango and 3% banana samples contained formalin. It was revealed that in Jessore, Khulna and Satkhira markets 80-100% mango, 40-50% banana and 30-40% papaya samples contained ethefon residue. From the above results it was revealed that maximum fruits were treated with chemicals. Therefore, it can be suggested that it is important to increase awareness in consumers and steps should be taken by the government or policy makers against the adulteration of fruits.

Keywords: Identification, Measurement, Calcium carbide, Formalin, Ethefon.

Location: Horticulture Laboratory in Khulna University, Khulna, Asia Arsenic Network Laboratory, Jessore and Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division, BARI, Gazipur, of Bangaldesh

Start Date: 00-04-2011

End Date: 00-07-2011

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Fruit

Objectives:

Objective: To identify and measure the extent of chemicals used for early ripening and preservation of fruits by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Method, Formalin tester method and GC-2010 FTD machine method.

Methodology:

The present investigation was carried out in the Horticulture Laboratory in Khulna University, Khulna and Asia Arsenic Network Laboratory, Jessore, Bangladesh during the period from April to July, 2011. Some fruits (mango, banana, papaya, Jackfruit) were collected from the local markets (Jessore, Khulna and Sathkhira) and used the pulp of that fruits for analysis. Calcium carbide was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method and Formalin was identified by using formalin tester (invented by Faruk Bin Hossain, Marketed by Shwapno Bangla Agro Care, 2012) in the laboratory. Data recorded on different parameters were statistically analyzed for ANOVA using MSTAT-C computer software. Calcium Carbide measurement Calcium carbide or Nishadol when come near the atmospheric moisture then it produce acetylene gas. The reaction is, CaC2 + H2 O ?› Ca(OH)2 + HC ≡ CH, So if we measure the amount of calcium hydroxide from the fruit samples and compare it’s amount with fresh fruit sample/ideal pure fruit sample then we can say, whether calcium carbide was treated on that fruits or not. Atomic Absorption Method (Calcium Carbide Measurement) Another ten fruits of mangos, bananas, papayas and jackfruits were collected from the markets (Jessore, Khulna and Satkhira). The samples were analyzed followed the methods of (Anonymous, 2011). Reference materials: i) Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Co. Germany, Model 6200) ii) Nitric acid iii) Sulfuric acid iv) Beaker v) Volumetric flask etc. a. Nitric acid decomposition: At first 2-5g of fruit sample was grinded and air dried and then placed in a conical flask. It was wetted with water and added 25ml of nitric acid. Next, it was gently heated to start a sample reaction. After cooling (About 1 hour) 10 ml of sulfuric acid was added and gently heated to concentrate (Anonymous, 2011). Midway, if the contained material became dark, 2-3 ml portion of nitric acid was added and continued heating. When the contained material turned yellowish or colorless, decomposition was completed (needed about 2 hours). After cooling, 2 ml of hydrochloric acid was added, and used water to prepare fixed volume of measurement solution. b. Preparation of standard solution: The samples were calibrated against four pointed calibration curve (0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm and 2.00 ppm) of standard solution of Ca. Formalin examination: The materials used for the study were fresh fruits from the local markets and the ‘Formalin tester’ collected from Shwapno Bangla Agro Care, Co. Dhaka. Some fruits were treated by Formalin (37% formaldehyde) and examined by ‘Formalin tester’ and observed the colour change. The blank tests were done by using fresh fruits collected from known gardens, not from commercial market. Sample Preparation Each of the samples (fruits) were washed with about 4 ml of water and kept the water into a small test tube.

Source of Information: YRU Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 Jan - jun 2017

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above results it was revealed that maximum fruits were treated with chemicals. Maximum fruits were ripening and preserving by applying chemicals. So, we should need more consciousness during buying fruits from those markets.

Knowledge Management: Journal