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Climate Change Impact on Agriculture and Related Sustainable Land Management Practices in Bangladesh – a Review

M. A. Hossain
SRDI, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. N. Amin
SRDI, Dhaka, Bangladesh

J. Sultana
SRDI, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. N. A. Siddique
SRDI, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sustainable land management (SLM) is an effective climate adaptation technique in the present world. Bangladesh is listed in long-term Climate Risk Index 2019 due to its unicorn geographic features (e.g. low-lying riparian lands, big rivers, dense population and coastal settings). The livelihoods of Bangladesh are directly or indirectly linked to agricultural practices and or agribusiness. Many studies revealed that climate change-induced natural calamities (e.g. rainfall and temperature variability, sea level rise, flood, cyclone, drought, groundwater depletion, salt intrusion) unfavorably effect on agricultural production and livelihood activities and these are making critical food insecurity situation. Thus, identification and implementation of SLM practices to maintain food security of the bursting population are a prerequisite in Bangladesh. In this study, we have compiled the prospective SLM practices based on land management objective, land user requirements, crop and land suitability by reviewing peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. The potential SLM identified includes land resource conservation, erosion control, tillage technology, soil fertility management, vegetation management, efficient groundwater use, salinity-drought adaptations, land zoning and site-specific climate-smart agriculture. Among these SLM practices, the cultivation of suitable crop based on land quality and resource availability requires knowledge of decision support components involving the stakeholders for meaningful implementation of SLM. We proposed conceptual decision support components (e.g. land user, land quality, crop suitability, site-specific management, capital and governance) that would be the basis for the development and implementation of SLM towards land users and or farmers. The motivation of farmers through efficient extension activity and agri-governance for optimized land management can lead to minimizing the climate-induced vulnerability in agriculture. We concluded that the identified SLM practices, if implemented by adequate decision supports, SLM will help to achieve agricultural production as required by the sustainable Millennium Development Goals in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Land management; Climate change; Decision support; Agriculture; Food security.

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Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Climate change

Objectives:

This article attempted to review climate change impacts on agriculture and consequently discussed the need and options of SLM for Bangladesh with the necessary decision support components. In the first part of the article, we discussed the detrimental climate change variables that effect on agricultural production, which are likely to be augmented from rainfall and temperature variations, rise of sea level, drought, floods, cyclone etc.

Methodology:

This study was done by reviewing peer-reviewed scientific journals, gray literatures and related reports, including information from different reliable websites, government documents (e.g. government documents from agricultural departments and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics) and international reports (e.g. World Bank Report, World Food Summit, Germanwatch, Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations). The keywords that were used for this review include temperature and rainfall, climate change, agriculture, production, food security, degradation, vulnerability, adaptation and mitigation, management and sustainability. The principal target of information was related to the consequence of climate change on crop agriculture and potential sustainable land management (SLM) practices. Information that are necessary as components for an intended decision support system and its development, transfer and adaptation of SLM are also identified. Information was further synthesized to examine the need for SLM and to identify potential SLM options in the changing climate situations of the country. In the first part of the result, we discussed the detrimental climate change effects on the agricultural production, which are likely to be augmented from rainfall and temperature variations, sea level rise, drought, floods, cyclone, etc. Consequently, we identified a set of potential SLM practices and proposed various decision support components for the development and implementation of SLM with the land users.

Source of Information: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 10(2): 53-69, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/IJECC/2020/v10i230181

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Achievement/Findings:

It is evident that there are certain vulnerabilities of climate change on agriculture of Bangladesh due to variability of temperature and rainfall, sealevel rise, flood, cyclone, drought and land degradation. To overcome this and continue the growth in agriculture SLM is essential. Therefore, SLM options, mainly land resource conservation, erosion control, management of soil fertility, vegetation management, tillage technology, crop protection, efficient water use and climate-smart agriculture are immensely demanding in Bangladesh. These identified prospective SLM requires to focus on land user requirements to overcome the barriers of SLM. Moreover, we identified components that are necessary (e.g. land quality, crop suitability, capital, governance, extension) for a decision support system to develop and transfer SLM towards the land users and farmers. In the small landholding system of Bangladesh, adaptation and implementation of SLM involving all the actors and drivers would be certainly challenging with the changing climatic scenario. Interactivity between the land user and extension worker, acceptance of SLM options, farmer motivation and assistance, decision support and the local governance can lead different prospective SLM practices into reality through the effective transfer process to ensure food security and combat the impacts of climate change in the years to come.

Knowledge Management: Journal