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Antidiabetic Potency of Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants

Towhid Hasan
Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh

Marjia Sultana
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease being responsible for about 1.5 million deaths globally. In Bangladesh, the stress of diabetes is on rising and resulting in serious health implications along with significant economic crisis. Due to undesirable and inherent side effects, researchers are now shifting from the conventional therapy and trying to prevent and manage diabetes through traditional medicine. World Health Organization (WHO) also recommends the practice of customary herbal medicine for diabetes management, and support and encourage the augmentation of research to evaluate the hypoglycemic properties of the diverse medicinal plant species. Consequently, in the current review, the antihyperglycemic potency of some Bangladeshi medicinal plants has been evaluated and verified utilizing human as well as experimental animals. The results elucidate the glucose-lowering effects of the plants via different cellular mechanisms, including restoration of pancreatic β-cell, controlling the action of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, enhancing peripheral glucose utilization, increase in muscle glycogen store as well as activation of the insulin signaling cascade. In summary, this work may invigorate the researchers for more specific and focused research to provide a better and broad understanding of the antihyperglycemic mechanism and can act as an effective tool for choosing the plants with robust potential for unbolting of novel antidiabetic agents.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Antidiabetic medicinal plants; Bioactive compounds; Hypoglycemic potency; Bangladesh

Location: Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

In this review, an effort was made to focus some experimentally ascertained antidiabetic medicinal plants of Bangladesh, and the bioactive compounds present and the probable mode of action through which they exert hypoglycemic potency.

Methodology:

In the existing review, some ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal surveys conducted in different districts and among different communities of Bangladesh were utilized as a basis for the preparation of a list of medicinal plants commonly practiced to prevent and manage diabetes. Afterward, electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane library etc. were explored (till December 2017) for each and every medicinal plant, and all collected papers were reconnoitered to ensure any in vivo, in vitro, or clinical indication for their competence and pharmacological mechanisms of action. For the present study, published articles were considered solely eligible. Medicinal plants with antidiabetic potency In Bangladesh, traditional practices in diabetes treatment using medicinal plants in an unexplored horizon. Though, investigations of medicinal plants with various species were studied in this review. Multiple segments of the plants (i.e. leaf, fruit, root, bark, bulb etc.) were used to carry out the studies. The initial phytochemical analysis illustrated the existence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids etc. Streptozotocin or alloxan-induced diabetic modules were employed to conduct the efficacy evaluation of the plants. The research results illuminated the glucose-lowering effects while proposing numerous mechanisms of action for the plant extracts which include the resurrection of pancreatic β-cell, regulation of the activity of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, increase in peripheral glucose utilization, increase in muscle glycogen store as well as activation of the insulin signaling cascade.

Source of Information: Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2018; 4(1): 35-42

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Since the advent of human beings, plants continue to be a vital component not only for fostering human health and well-being but also for flourishing the quality of human life via alleviating ailments. Several studies have reported the utility of a number of plants for the cessation and mitigation of many chronic diseases, including DM. So, researchers are pursuing among the native traditional medicinal plants in search of a substitute to antidiabetic drugs owing to the unwanted side-effects, availability, and accessibility of conventional antihyperglycemic drugs. Bangladesh, being a fertile and alluvial land exaggerated with tropical forests and boggy jungles, is an affluent source of a wide variety of medicinal plants applied in the traditional medicinal system for curing disease. The current review has presented a comprehensive detail of the antidiabetic plants being offered in the historical platform of Bangladeshi medication for management and treatment of DM. The results demonstrated a few pharmacological mechanisms of actions of the medicinal plants to accomplish their therapeutic actions. In vivo experiments displayed that inhibition of absorption of glucose in intestinal, an increment in the biosynthesis of liver glycogen or decrement in glycogenolysis, improvement in peripheral glucose absorption etc. are among some antidiabetic mechanistic actions of Bangladeshi natural remedies. Rejuvenation of pancreatic -cells, inhibiting the decay of islet tissue of pancreas, increase in the restrictive action against -amylase and -glucosidase enzyme, a rise of insulin sensitivity or the insulin-like performance of the plant essence is the in vitro findings supporting the dexterity of the plants used for DM. It is suggested that the glycemic control properties of the plants are attributed to the bioactive principles like alkaloids, flavonoids terpenoids, glycosides etc. These secondary plant metabolites have already proven their role in preventing and treating many chronic diseases like diabetes. Although, among the clinical experiments, no serious hostile effects were investigated and thus, the natural herbal preparations in gross assumed harmless for the human. However, every plant material is not safe, and so, more investigation of the noxious effect of these herbal plants is needed prior to recommending for human use. In conclusion, the current review contributes to an insight of the prevailing perception of the efficiency of plant extracts commonly adopted in Bangladesh as a dietary supplement or ancillary therapy for the preclusion and remedy of diabetes. Nonetheless, the evidence found so far is mainly suggestive, and thus, it is crucial to recognize the bioactive component accountable for the antihyperglycemic action with the actual mode of action. More specific and focused research, therefore, will provide a better and broad understanding in this regard. Lastly, this extensive literature review can serve as an efficient mean for the nomination of plants having an intense potential for the unbolting of novel antidiabetic agents.

Knowledge Management: Journal