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Present Scenario of Insecticides and Fungicides Use in Largest Mango Cultivation Area in Bangladesh

Asad Ud-Daula*
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Salim Raza
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Golam Mukit
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Soumen Das
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

A. T. M. Mijanur Rahman
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Abul Kashem Tang
Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study has been conducted to assess the present scenario of spraying insecticides/fungicides during the whole cultivation period of mango in Shibgonj upazilla of Chapainawabgonj district. A total number of 250 mango growers were randomly selected and interviewed by structured questionnaires from December, 2014 to June, 2015. The data were collected with respect to their educational level, cultivating land, times and types of insecticides/fungicides spray, and farmer’s consciousness about the excessive use of insecticides/fungicides. Out of the 250 mango growers, 184 were illiterate which accounts almost 74% followed by under HSC, 51 (20%) and higher educated, 15 (6%). Around 1-3 acre of land was used by 145 (58%) mango growers for cultivation followed by 3-7 acre by 85 (34%) and more than 7 acres by 20 (8%). Eight insecticides and seven fungicides under different trade names were most commonly sprayed at 2, 3, 4, and even more than 7 times in the stage of mango flowering, green mango, and finally, in mature stages. Most importantly, 151 (60%) growers do not have any, while 99 (40%) have very little knowledge about the negative effects of using excessive amounts of insecticides/fungicides. The mango growers are randomly using same pesticides under different brand name. Additionally, they frequently use fungicides instead of insecticides that cause no death of mango pest. As a result, they could not protect early dropping of mangoes. Furthermore, 103 (41%) and 147 (59%) growers have little and no knowledge regarding the side effects of spraying of formalin and calcium carbide that are used for preservation and early ripening of mango, respectively. Therefore, necessary actions should be taken immediately keeping in mind not only to reduce the early fall out of mangoes but also to produce safe mangoes for consumption.

Keywords: Mango Cultivation, Mango Growers, Insecticides, Fungicides

Location: Shibgonj upazilla of Chapainawabgonj district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2014

End Date: 00-06-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

The aim of the present research is to find the present scenario of insecticides and fungicides use for protecting mango from early dropping.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted in four (04) unions: Shahabajpur, Mobarakpur, Kansat and Shampur in Shibgonj upazilla of Chapainawabgonj district during the period of January-June, 2015. 2.1. Study Subjects A total 250 mango growers were selected from the study area. Out of 250, 80 mango growers were selected from Shahabajpur, 69 from Mobarakpur, 51 from Kansat and 50 from Shampur, who has less than 0.5 acre mango cultivable land that included in the study. 2.2. Study Procedure The mango growers were asked face to face interview and structured questionnaire was used in this study. There were two survey teams; each containing three (03) members, who were assigned to visit the mango growers. It was also assigned that the survey team will not visit more than five mango growers per day to ensure quality of data to be collected and subsequent minimization of the possible error of the survey. At the end of day, the quality of interview and collected data were evaluated by the experts to ensure completeness and consistency. Incomplete and inconsistent data were corrected by re-visit and re-examine the relevant mango growers. Informed written consent was taken from every respondent (mango growers) explaining the objectives of this study and it was confirmed that the personal information will be kept confidential and any time they can withdraw their opinion if they want. In addition, a prior permission was also taken from chairman of the Shibgonj upazilla for this study. 2.3. Status of Mango Growers Mango growers were categorized into two groups. One is based on their level of education, which was further subdivided into three groups such as illiterate, under HSC and higher educated. The other one is based on the land that used for mango cultivation, which was subdivided into 1-3 acre, 3- 7 acre and more than 7 acre. 2.4. Quantity of Insecticides and Fungicides Applied for Mango Cultivation Mango growers usually applied different types of insecticides and fungicides from the starting of flowering until harvesting. Therefore, it was very difficult to exact quantification of insecticides used during the whole period of cultivation. However, to simplify our study, we divided the whole duration of mango cultivation into three stages based on application of insecticides and fungicides. These were- (i) during flowering of mango bud; (ii) in green mango; and (iii) in mature stage. Growers were asked to answer, how many times they had sprayed insecticides and fungicides in each stage, such as two, three, four, five or more than five times. 2.5. Consciousness to Insecticides/Fungicides and Other Chemicals The doses and safety awareness are the prerequisites for applying insecticides/fungicides. The consciousness about the side effects and health hazards of insecticides/fungicides or any other chemicals like formalin, calcium carbide, etc. were assessed among the mango grower and other person through questionnaire. Subsequently, it was also assessed that whether they have taken any training on how to use pesticides.

Source of Information: Science Journal of Public Health 2016; 4(1): 20-25

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20160401.13

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The northwestern region of Bangladesh with its diverse agro-ecology is very suitable for the production of high quality mango both for domestic and foreign markets. However, the regional average mango productivity is below the national average need. To improve this situation high yielding, better quality, disease resistant and pest control is necessary. In the study area, the mango growers abnormally using many pesticides and very high quantity without getting successful pest control result due to the ignorance of pesticide rules and knowledge gap for pesticides spray. They select wrong pesticide and it is continually happening by provoking locally untrained person. They are not aware about the importance of different agronomic and pest management practices. Thus, attempt should be taken immediately not only to reduce the early fall out of mangoes but also to produce safe mangoes for consumption and building awareness on mango pest management.

Knowledge Management: Journal