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Efficacy of Chemical and Mechanical Control Approaches in Managing Mango Hopper, Amritodus Atkinsoni

M.K. Khan
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

K.S. Islam
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Jahan
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.S. Ullah
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiment on the management of mango hopper, Amritodus atkinsoni Leth. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was conducted in the laboratory and field Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to May 2007. Three botanical pesticides namely Neem oil, Mahogoni oil and Karanja oil and a chemical pesticide, cythrin 10 EC and a net barrier as a mechanical control were evaluated in controlling mango hopper. Cythrin 0.2% was found to be most effective in controlling mango hopper but percentage of fruit set was relatively lower than cythrin 0.10% and 0.15%. Among the botanicals, Neem oil (3%) showed higher efficacy while Mahogoni oil (1%) was least effective. Observation on extent of hopper damage during flowering and fruit setting period of mango showed that 80-90% fruit damage. Net barrier protected the inflorescence from the damge of mango hopper but failed to produce fruits. The effect of different control approaches in the control of mango hopper and activities of pollinators are discussed.

Keywords: Susceptibility, Management, Amritodus atkinsoni, Pollinator, Fruit set

Location: Laboratory and field Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2007

End Date: 00-05-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

This research work on mango hopper was attempted with the objectives to evaluate a synthetic insecticide, cythrin 10 EC having short residual effect and three biorational pesticides namely neem, karanja and mahogany oil and a mechanical method, net barrier in controlling mango hopper.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the entomology field laboratory to determine the susceptibility, extent of damage by mango hopper and the comparative efficacy of different management approaches against this pest. Both botanical and chemical insecticides with three different doses were evaluated for susceptibility to mango hopper. The used botanicals were neem, karanja and mahogoni oil with the dose of 1%, 2% and 3% for each insecticide. The used chemical insecticide was Cythrin 10 EC with the dose of 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%. Among the six plants, insecticides were sprayed on the three plants but another three plants were not sprayed for control experiment. Insecticides were sprayed for two times- first within 10 days of flowering when the flower buds were not opened and the second spraying after one month of the first application when the mango fruit was pea shaped stage. Six mango trees were selected for these experiments. The layout of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Three inflorescence with leaves of each plant were sprayed with every dose of insecticides. That is for each plant with four insecticides (3 doses for each) the total combination were (3x4) 12. Some inflorescences were also kept unsprayed for control. Similar procedure was followed for another two plants. The remining three plants were also kept for control observation. The insecticides were sprayed to the selected inflorescence with hand sprayer and all the necessary precautions were taken during insecticidal application. . Data were recorded in each treatment prior and after 2 hrs, 1 day, 2 days and 7 days of insecticidal application. Number of hopper per infested leaf, branch and inflorescence were counted and reduction percentage (%) was determined. To determine the extent of damage in flowering and fruit setting the application of insecticides are same as previous and observations were made on 7, 30 and 45 days after flowering. At least 10 inflorescence per plant were observed. At each observation the data were recorded were as follows: a) Number of flowers/ inflorescence- the number of bloomed flower were counted and recorded. b) Number of fruits- After fertilization of flowers, the fertilized flowers were counted and recorded. c) Percentage of fruit set- The percentage of fruit set was calculated from the number of bloomed flowers and number of fertilized flowers using the following formula: Percentage of fruit set = No. of fertilized flowers/ No. of bloomed flowers x 100. In case of mechanical control, insect free, healthy and properly matured three inflorescence were selected at each plant from different parts all over the canopy. The selected inflorescences were then covered with fine nylon net bags and no honey bees or other pollinators were allowed in the nylon net bags. Observations on number of hoppers were recorded at different stages of plant. Number of flower, number of fruit set in each treated plants and control plants were made at different times such as during flowering (PFS), after one month of first spray (at pea shaped/ PSS) and 15 days after second spray ( at 15 DAP/ 15 DASS). Obtained data were analyzed statistically after appropriate transformation using computer software MSTAT and mean values were separated using DMRT.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 5(2): 245-249, 2007 ISSN 1810-3030

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Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

So from the above discussion, it is clear that chemical insecticide (Cythrin) can be treated as the best measure in controlling mango hopper than botanicals when they were compared alone. Among the three doses of cythrin, 0.10% was the appropriate dose because it managed mango hopper efficiently and caused high percentage of fruit set. On the other hand as the chemical insecticides are not eco-friendly with the environment and leaves many hazardous effects, the use of chemical pesticides should be minimum with proper doses for higher effectiveness. In the case with botanicals, as neem oil showed better performance so it can also be recommended to use neem oil 3%. In addition neem oil 2% or karanja oil 3% can also be recommended at flowering stage of mango. These findings will be useful for using them in the IPM program of mango hopper.

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