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Climate Change and Coastal Zone of Bangladesh: Vulnerability, Resilience and Adaptability

M. H. Minar
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3802, Bangladesh

M. Belal Hossain
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3802, Bangladesh and Biology Group, Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Brunei BE1410

M. D. Shamsuddin
Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The coastal region of Bangladesh covers about 20% of total land area and over 30% of the cultivable lands of the country. It includes highly diverse ecosystems e.g. the world’s largest single tract of mangroves (the Sundarbans), beaches, coral reefs, dunes and wetlands. With its dynamic natural environments, provides a range of goods and services to the peoples of Bangladesh. It is agreed and documented that being a deltaic coastal country, Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in the world. Climate-related change in coastal zones embodies potential additional stress on systems that are already under intense and growing pressure. The country has already been facing several climate change effects such as increasing cyclones, flood frequency probabilities, erosion, inundation, rising water tables, saltwater intrusion and biological effects. Coastal environments, particularly at risk, include mangroves, tidal deltas and low-lying coastal plains, sandy beaches, coastal wetlands, estuaries and coral reefs. These bio-geophysical possessions will have consequent effects on ecosystems and eventually affect socio-economic systems in the coastal zone. The Sundarbans, most important ecosystem of the country will be totally lost with the one-meter rise in sea level. There are two options to minimize the impacts named mitigation and adaptation. It is needed to be considered both mitigation and adaptation options for Bangladesh, even though the country has very limited scope for mitigation. This is why mitigation involves global efforts to execute and adaptation is more local. As a result, effective adaptation policies and mitigation measures ought to be developed and implemented to minimize climate-related impacts on Bangladesh.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Climate Change, Impacts, Adaptations, Vulnerability

Location: Coastal zone of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Climate change

Objectives:

To climate change and the possibilities for adaptation in the coastal zone of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

This paper is based on available secondary sources (published and grey literature) on the impacts of climate change on coastal zone of Bangladesh. The resources include online publications, books, governmental reports, international reports, scientific journals and news articles that focused on climate change-related issues in Bangladesh. Some studies of the same field in other parts of the world were also considered for the task.

Source of Information: Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (1): 114-120, 2013, ISSN 1990-9233

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.1.64121

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Being a low-lying deltaic nation, Bangladesh is enormously vulnerable to climate change. A variety of significant researches in the past investigated the causes of the vulnerability of Bangladesh due to climate change. For the most part of the adverse impacts of climate change for Bangladesh are due to sea-level rise, cyclones, storm surge, flood, land erosion, waterlogging, drought, salinity intrusion, bank erosion and tidal bore leading to large scale damages to crop, employment, livelihoods and national economy. Bangladesh has been rated as the third most vulnerable country in the world in terms of the number of people affected with respect to sea-level rise. By 2050, supposing a sea-level rise of 27 cm, around 33 million people would be suffering from surging. A 1m rise in sea level would submerge a full 18 % of the total land area in Bangladesh. The Sundarbans, the most important ecosystem of the country will be totally lost with the one-meter rise in sea level. There are two options to minimize the impacts named mitigation and adaptation. It is needed to be considered both mitigation and adaptation options for Bangladesh, even though the country has very limited scope for mitigation. This is why mitigation involves global efforts to execute and adaptation is more local. As a result, effective adaptation policies and mitigation measures ought to be developed and implemented to minimize climate-related impacts on Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal