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Postharvest Loss Assessment of Mango at Different Stages of Supply Chain Through Traditional and Improved Handling Practices

SMK Alam
Director (Manpower & Training) and PI (AFACI-Postharvest Project)
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Bangladesh

MA Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
Postharvest Technology Section, Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh

MH Reza
Chief Scientific Officer
Regional Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh

MN Amin
Senior Scientific Officer
Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, Bangladesh

MAM Hussen
Senior Training Officer
Manpower and Training Unit, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was carried out to estimate the postharvest losses of mango cv. ‘Khirsapat’ occurred at different stages of the value chain from harvesting to retail outlets as influenced by traditional and improved handling practices. The experiment was started from a mango orchard of Chapainawabganj and ended at retail outlets of Gazipur wet fruit market. Improved handling practices comprising of the use of BARI mango harvester, use of plastic crates as packaging container, stalk trimming and decapping, hot water treatment and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). In traditional handling practices, mangoes were harvested by a person sitting on the branch of a tree using a local mango harvester and then threw the fruits that received by another person from the ground using a gunny bag, the bamboo basket was used as a field container and sorted mangoes were finally packed in the plastic crate for transporting to the wholesale market. Trimming, decapping and hot water treatment were not practiced in the traditional handling system. Three treatments, viz.T0 = traditional practice (Control); T1 = Improved technology +plastic crates without MAP; and T2 = Improved technology +plastic crates with MAP were used in this study. Significant differences were observed among the treatments. At the harvesting stage, the postharvest losses were amounted to 1.5 and 5.0%, respectively, in improved and conventional methods, while at the wholesale market, losses were 0.4 to 2.4% among the treatments. Transpiration loss of fruit reduced significantly in IP+MAP during transportation from Chapainawabganj to Gazipur wholesale market. Unmarketable mangoes due to decay caused by anthracnose and stem-end rot on day 4 at retail outlets were 20.00, 13.00, and 11.5% in T0, T1, and T2 treatments, respectively. Total postharvest losses of mango amounted to 35 and 18.6% in traditional and improved practice, respectively. Thus, the reduction of postharvest loss over traditional practices was 46.80%. The firmness of fresh ripe mangoes were 52.80, 49.40 and 49.70 N in T0, T1, and T2 treatments at 3days after mango harvest, which decreased significantly to 13.20, 11.50, and 11.20 N in T0, T1, and T2 treatments on day 4 in the retail shop. The TSScontents in ripe mangoes were found 13.90, 14.73, and 14.33% in T0, T1, and T2 treatments on3 days after harvest, which increased to 18.30, 18.50, and 18.00%, respectively, on day 4 at the retail shop. The Vit-C content decreased in all the treatments significantly on day 4in a retail shop, while theβ-carotene (µg/g) increased in all the treatments on day 4 in a retail shop. The results revealed that the intervention of improved postharvest technologies and the best practices were very much effective in reducing the postharvest losses and managing the quality of mango.

Keywords: Mango, Postharvest loss, Desapping, Trimming, Hot water treatment, MAP, Conventional methods

Location: Regional Horticulture Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Chapainawabganj and at the Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2016

End Date:

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Mango

Objectives:

In this present investigation, we tried to assess the postharvest losses of mango at different supply chains starting from harvesting to retailers through traditional and improved handling postharvest practices.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out during June 2016 at the Regional Horticulture Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Chapainawabganj and at the Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. A popular commercial mango variety cv. “Khirsapat” was used in this study. In the traditional method, mango was harvested manually using a local mango harvester at a commercially mature stage. At first, mangoes were detached from the tree using a harvester and were subsequently removed from the harvesting net and thrown from the tree branch toward another person on the ground to receive the fruits on the soft jute sack. After receiving, the fruits were placed on the ground without using cushion material like cloth or polyethylene. So, the fruits were in direct contact with the soil in the orchard. Mangoes were then sorted, graded, and packed in plastic crates having 25 kg holding capacity for transport and subsequent marketing. On the other hand, in the improved method, the mangoes were harvested by an improved ‘BARI Mango harvester with 3-4 inches stalks. Then harvested mangoes were placed on the ground with cushion material like a jute sac under the tree in a shady place so that the fruits did not come in direct contact with the soil of the orchard. The stalks of mangoes were then cut keeping only 8 to 10 mm and on a deleting rack with the stem end down for about 10-15minutes to flow out the sap. The mangoes were then sorted, graded, and packed in plastic crates as mentioned earlier. These packed mangoes were then treated with hot water at 55°C for 5 minutes using BARI Hot Water Treatment Plant. After treatment, the surface water of mangoes was air-dried using a heavy-duty stand fan. After that, the mangoes were repacked in plastic crates. During the final packaging, the clean newspaper was used as cushion material at each layer of mango both in traditional and improved practices. Thus, there were three treatments including a control viz. T0 = traditional practice (TP, control); T1 =improved practice (IP) including plastic crates without MAP, and T2 = improved practice (IP) including plastic crates with MAP. MAP was used in plastic crates only during transportation from Chapainawabganj to retail shops at Gazipur. The containers were manually loaded onto a truck with other mangoes from different traders on the same day of harvest. The truck left at 2:00 am from Chapainawabganj and arrived at the wholesale market at Joydebpur, Gazipur at 12:00 pm taking 10 hours travel time. The distance from Chapainawabganj to Joydebpur, Gazipur is around 450 km. After collecting data at the wholesale level, mangoes were brought to Postharvest Laboratory of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and subsequently distributed to three retail shops in the wet fruit market at Gazipur city. Mangoes under the study were not sold during the four days of data collection. Data were collected every day on weight loss, ripening rate and decay caused by anthracnose, stem-end rot, and mechanical injuries. Experimental design and statistical analysis: The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using ‘R’ Statistical Software version 3.1.2. The results showing significant differences were then subjected to mean separation using the LSD test at P < 0.05.

Source of Information: Adv Plants Agric Res. 2019;9(3):384?388. 384

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of this study revealed that the postharvest loss of mango at different stages of the supply chain was reduced to a minimum level with improved handling practices. The traditional handling practices of postharvest management in Bangladesh are unscientific, labor-consuming, and less profitable. The postharvest loss can be reduced to an acceptable level qualitatively and quantitatively through improved handling practices. The best-improved practice was found in this study through improved practices with plastic crates and modified atmosphere packaging, which reduced 46.80% postharvest loss of mango over traditional practices. Therefore, an attempt to be taken to disseminate the improved postharvest handling practices among different stakeholders at different stages of the supply chain of mango fruits.

Knowledge Management: Journal