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Study on Impact of Aqua Drugs and Chemicals on Fish Health and Productivity

Dr. Gias Uddin Ahmed
Professor
Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh-2202.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted in farmer ponds at field level and experimental ponds at BAU to find out the impact of aqua drugs and chemicals on health and production of fish. In aqua drug shop of investigated areas, 50 different kinds of aqua drugs and chemicals were recorded. Among those, 15 kinds are widely used by the farmers such as Renamycin, Amoxifish, Ossi-C, Timsen, Aquamysine, Aquamycine, Virex, Aquakleen, Geolite gold, Oxy Dox F, Polgard plus, charger gel, Seaweed, Bactisal and Deletix. Production of Thai Pangus (81001 kg/acre in chemical treated ponds whereas 4800 kg/acre in non-treated ponds) and Thai koi (14000 kg/acre in chemical treated ponds whereas 10000 kg/acre in non treated ponds) in Gouripur and Muktagacha Upazillas, respectively, were almost double in the chemical treated ponds compared with non treated ponds. In experimental ponds, it was found that food conversion ratio ( FCR) was 1.27 and 1.13 in the treatment I and treatment II in c ase of Pangus. However, in case of Thai koi, FCR in the T₁ was significantly reduced that of TII. Production of Pangus in the non treated ponds was higher which was 7328.16 kg per acre than in the treated ponds, where it was 6400.08 kg per acre. Whereas, production of koi in the treated ponds was higher (1471.92 kg/acre) than that of non-treated ponds (1296.00 kg/acre). In upazillas like Fulpur, Muktagacha and Fulbaria EUS, dropsy, Edwardsiellosis diseases were recorded with pangus and tilapia. Shing had 90-100% mortalities within very short period from unknown diseases with no obvious symptoms (except swollen abdomen and spots) provided 30-100% recovery after application of drugs. In EUS affected tilapia in Fulpur (20%) and Muktagacha (30%) and farmers used Renamycin, Polgard plus and Ossi-C with a result 80-95% recovery. In Edwardsiellosis affected pangus in Fulpur (80%) and Fulbaria (50%), farmers used Renamycin, Timsen, Polgard pous and Ossi-C in Fulpur and Geolite and Ossi-C against dropsy in Fulpur with a result of 95% recovery. Zoothamnium and various s;pots on skin, scale loss in koi, where farmers used Renamycin, Aquamycine, Ossi-C and Polgard plus drugs as treatments and achieved 70-80% recovery. It was thus observed that aqua drugs played excellent role in recovery of fish diseases and maintenance of health. Clinically all the fishes of various regions did not show any remarkable changes. Histopathology in the control ponds, skin-muscle, liver, kidney nad gill of fish had almost normal structure. However, in the chemical treated ponds, the above mentioned investigated organs of fishes had remarkable pathological changes like necrosis, hemorrhage, vacuum, melanocytes and partial loss of organs.

Keywords: Fishes, Fish production, Aqua drugs, Chemicals on fish health

Location: Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Myemnsingh-2202

Start Date: 01-07- 2011

End Date: 30-06- 2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To compare production of shrimp between culture systems using chemicals and without chemicals.
To study of impact of use of chemicals on shrimp health and productivity.
To identify problems associated with their use.

Methodology:

Study area: Khulna region for coastal aquaculture. Data collection: Secondary data on the use of chemicals and antibiotics will be collected with GO and NGO offices. The primary data will be collected through the combination of the following survey techniques: Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): Participatory approach will be used for the entire study. PRA tools such as focus group discussion (FDG) will be collected with shrimp and prawn farmers, hatchery and nursery owners, plant and farm workers and chemical retailers. Six to twelve people will be selected (on the basis of their knowledge, skill) for that discussion. All other selected PRA tools will be practiced during this discussion. Key informants such as Districts Fisheries officer, Upazilla Fisheries officer, NGO workers will be interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire. Key issues come from focus group discussion will also be discussed with Key informants to have more logical explanation. Questionnaire Survey: Shrimp and prawn farmers, hatchery and nursery owners, plant and farm workers and chemical manufacturers and retailers, shrimp feed manufacturers and other stakeholders to be questioned individually will be selected through PRA. A set of preliminary questionnaire based on the objective of the present study will be prepared. The preliminary questionnaire will be tested twice at the field level to identify ambiguous and irrelevant questions. Based on the response, the final set questionnaire will be developed. For the interview, simple random sampling method will be followed during interview. Laboratory analysis: Laboratory study will be focused on the verification of shrimp health and diseases reported by farmers in laboratory. Health and disease issues: In addition with the field observation, diseases of fish and shrimp will eventually be verified through laboratory analysis. Shrimp will be examined clinically through observing gross signs, abnormality, lesions and erosions and external parasites. Samples for histopathological examination will be taken from different organs and will be fixed in Davidson,s fixative. The samples will be processed in an automatic tissue processor, stained with haematoxylin and eosin, mounted with Canada balsam and will be under compound microscope. Impact assessment: Shrimp production and health status between culture systems using chemicals and without chemicals will be compared both at farmer’s level and in experimental ponds. Total production and water quality will be determined in ponds using chemicals and without chemicals. The status of shrimp will also be compared using clinical and histopathological tools. In addition impact of chemicals on shrimp health and production will also be examined at farmer’s ponds using questionnaire interview.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agricultural University Research Progress, Volume-22, 2011. Proceedings of the workshop of BAU Research Progress, 02-03 April 2012.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 500000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 500000

Achievement/Findings:

Production of Pangus in the non treated ponds was higher which was 7328.16 kg per acre than in the treated ponds, where it was 6400.08 kg per acre. Whereas, production of koi in the treated ponds was higher (1471.92 kg/acre) than that of non-treated ponds (1296.00 kg/acre). In upazillas like Fulpur, Muktagacha and Fulbaria EUS, dropsy, Edwardsiellosis diseases were recorded with pangus and tilapia. Shing had 90-100% mortalities within very short period from unknown diseases with no obvious symptoms (except swollen abdomen and spots) provided 30-100% recovery after application of drugs. In EUS affected tilapia in Fulpur (20%) and Muktagacha (30%) and farmers used Renamycin, Polgard plus and Ossi-C with a result 80-95% recovery. In Edwardsiellosis affected pangus in Fulpur (80%) and Fulbaria (50%), farmers used Renamycin, Timsen, Polgard pous and Ossi-C in Fulpur and Geolite and Ossi-C against dropsy in Fulpur with a result of 95% recovery. Zoothamnium and various s;pots on skin, scale loss in koi, where farmers used Renamycin, Aquamycine, Ossi-C and Polgard plus drugs as treatments and achieved 70-80% recovery. It was thus observed that aqua drugs played excellent role in recovery of fish diseases and maintenance of health. Clinically all the fishes of various regions did not show any remarkable changes. Histopathology in the control ponds, skin-muscle, liver, kidney nad gill of fish had almost normal structure. However, in the chemical treated ponds, the above mentioned investigated organs of fishes had remarkable pathological changes like necrosis, hemorrhage, vacuum, melanocytes and partial loss of organs.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings