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Chemical Composition of Leaf and Seed Essential Oil of Coriandrum Sativum L. from Bangladesh

Md. Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan
BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong 4220, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Jaripa Begum
BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong 4220, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Mahbuba Sultana
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The essential oils from leaves and fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The leaf oil contained 44 compounds mostly of aromatic acids containing 2-decenoic acid (30.8%), E-11-tetradecenoic acid (13.4%), capric acid (12.7%), undecyl alcohol (6.4%), tridecanoic acid (5.5%) and undecanoic acid (7.1%) as major constituents. The seed oil contains 53 compounds where the major compounds are linalool (37.7%), geranyl acetate (17.6%) and γ-terpinene (14.4%). The compositions of both oils varied qualitatively and quantitatively.

Keywords: 2-Decenoic acid, Coriandrum sativum, Essential oil, GC-MS, Linalool

Location: BCSIR Laboratory, Chittagong

Start Date: 00-10-2008

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Coriander

Objectives:

There are no previous references in literature about these Bangladeshi oils. In this work we have determined the chemical composition of leaf and seed oils of C. sativum. These features allow it to be identified for medicinal use and classified among the other oils available in the international market.

Methodology:

Plant materials

The plant materials of C. sativum were collected from the plants grown in the campus of BCSIR Laboratory, Chittagong during October, 2008. The specimen was identified by Dr. Mohammad Yusuf, Ex-Director-in-charge, BCSIR Labs. Ctittagong. One-voucher specimen (Y-635) was deposited in the herbarium of BCSIR Laboratory, Chittagong.

Extraction of essential oil

Samples of leaf was harvested from healthy, well-grown, two-year-old plants. Freshly harvested leaves (400 g ) and seeds (300 g) were grounded in a blender separately. The grounded leaves and seeds were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type glass apparatus for 4 hours for isolation of oils separately. The oil samples were stored at 0°C in air-tight containers after drying them over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered before going to GC-MS analyses.

GC-MS analysis

The essential oils from leaves and fruits of C. sativum were analyzed by GC-MS electron impact ionization method on GC-17A gas chromatograph (shimadzu) coupled to a GC-MS QP 5050A mass spectrometer (shimadzu); fused silica capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm; 0.25 mm film thickness), coated with DB-5 (J & W); column temperature 100°C (2 min) to 250°C at the rate of 3°C/min; carrier gas, helium at constant pressure of 90 Kpa. Acquisition parameters full scan; scan range 40-350 amu.

Identification of the compounds

Compound identification was done by comparing the NIST library data of the peaks with those reported in literature, mass spectra of the peaks with literature data. Percentage composition was computed from GC-MS peak areas on DB-5 column without applying correction factors.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. of Pharmacology, Vol 4 No 2 (2009)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v4i2.2800

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of above fact it may be concluded that C. sativum, growing widely in Bangladesh, may be utilized as a source for the isolation of natural linalool and 2-decenoic acid respectively. As a result of this study, the essential oil of C. sativum has been extracted and its components identified. The high concentration of linalool and 2-decenoic acid in leaf and seed oil make it respectively potentially useful in medicines and perfumery purposes. In addition to its use as a scent in domestic products such as soap, detergent, shampoo, and lotion, linalool is also used as a chemical intermediate. One common downstream product of linalool is vitamin E. Linalool is also used by pest professionals as a flea, and cockroach insecticide (Lewinshon et al., 2001).

Knowledge Management: Journal