The objective of this paper was to review species availability, culture technique and artificial breeding of prawn and shrimp in Bangladesh. Production of shrimp and prawn was estimated from the Khulna district of Bangladesh, from the shrimp depots of Paikgacha, Dacope, Koyra, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Rupsha, Terokhada, Digholia, Fultala, and Metro Upazila in Khulna district. The total harvest of shrimp and prawn and observed production in shrimp depots in Khulna district was 21611 and 18620 ton respectively where the total area of shrimp farming is 58472 hector. The annual total harvest of shrimp was 5873, 4388, 1636, 2145, 5416, 616, 582, 569, 345 and 41 ton at Paikgacha, Dacope, Koyra, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Rupsha, Terokhada, Digholia, Fultala, and Metro Upazila in Khulna district respectively. The annual total shrimp production in depots was 4833, 3675, 1408, 1992, 4694, 602, 529, 537, 311 and 39 ton at Paikgacha, Dacope, Koyra, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Rupsha, Terokhada, Digholia, Fultala, and Metro Upazila in Khulna district respectively. Where the total shrimp farming area are 17276, 12680, 4530, 6253, 13284, 1178, 1102, 1070, 987 and 112 hector at Paikgacha, Dacope, Koyra, Batiaghata, Dumuria, Rupsha, Terokhada, Digholia, Fultala, and Metro Upazila in Khulna district respectively. The firstly records of Bangladesh’s export of freshwater prawns dates back to the 1960’s and was mainly from the capture fishery to markets in the USA, UK, France, Italy and Belgium (Ahamed et al., 2014). In the early 1990s, prawn farming had developed well especially in the southwestern Bangladesh; over 90% of the prawn exports came from the capture fisheries to confirm the importance of this subsector in the freshwater prawn fisheries of Bangladesh. The export of prawn and shrimp and foreign earning during 1999/2000 to 2011/2012 are presented. Around three-quarters of prawn farms are located in the southwest part of Bangladesh which has been identified as the most important and promising area for prawn culture, because of the availability of wild postlarvae, favorable resources and climatic conditions, such as the availability of ponds, low lying agricultural land, warm climate, fertile soil, and cheap and abundant labor (Ahmed 2001). In 2002, there were an estimated 105000 prawn farms in Bangladesh, of which 75000 (71%) were located in the southwest (Muir 2003). At that time, there were 30 000 ha of land under prawn farming (Williams 2003); this compares with 3500 ha in the mid 1980s (Muir 2003a). At present, the prawn culture area has increased to an estimated 50 000 ha (Khondaker 2007). The freshwater prawnfarming starts in Bangladesh dates back to the early 1970s in the Satkhira district (Ahmed et al. 2013). There have three types of culture system in Bangladesh. In extensive culture system, the shrimps are fully dependent on the availability of natural food in the pond. The amount of natural food organisms becomes insufficient as the shrimps grow. When natural food diminishes the growth of shrimps slow down. This usually occurs towards the second month of the culture period depending on the stocking density and fertility of the pond. Additional feeds should be given in the form of supplemental feeds throughout the culture period to maintain the optimum growth rate. The bottom soil plays a major role in any earthen pond culture system. Natural food organisms are one of the most important food sources in ponds. It is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals and other essential growth elements that simple supplementary feed cannot complete (Hussain and Uddin 1995). The drying of the pond bottom is the most cheap and effective method of eliminating undesirable species in pond prior to the culture period. Shrimp can be harvested in good condition within a short period of time. The harvesting should be done carefully so that it does not damage or contaminate shrimp. Rapid harvesting will reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Complete harvesting is done by draining the pond water through. The average culture period required is around 120-150 days during which time the prawns will grow to 20-30 gm size (depending on the species). It is possible to get two crops in a year. Harvested shrimps can be kept between layers of crushed ice before transporting. The average annual yield of head-on prawns in Bangladesh was reported to be 336 kg/ha (Muir 2003). The average productivity of prawn has increased in recent years, probably as farmers have become more confident to increase stocking densities and feeding levels. In the early1990s, the average yield of prawn was only168 kg ha-1, which was low due to the traditional farming method and the relatively low level of inputs (Rahman 1994).