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Cattle Mortality Rate Due to Breed and Various Diseases in Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh

Md. Reazul Islam
Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder
Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Md. Hemayatul Islam
Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Md. Akhtarul Islam
Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Context: Cattle die due to common diseases is a significant economic loss in livestock sector. Objectives: Evaluation of the cattle mortality rate due to breed and various diseases in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. Materials and Method: The study was conducted in eight districts of Rajshahi division. Four different upazilas of each district were selected randomly. Individual farmers were interviewed directly through a closed structured questionnaire to obtain number of death cattle in different breed, age, sex and occurrence of disease. Results: Out of 17982, 549 cattle were found to be died from various diseases and an average mortality rate was 3.05%. Breeds were divided into 5 genetic groups according to their genetic composition. Among the breeds, Local (L) Friesian (F) showed the highest mortality rate (3.80%), followed by L-FShahiwal (SL) (3.63%), L-SL (3.51%), L-Jersey (J) (3.50%) and L (2.33%). Cattle mortality occur due to Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) (0.60%), parasitic disease (0.34%), milk fever (0.07%), pneumonia (0.15%), abortion (0.15%), dystocia (0.11%), bloat (0.32%), accident (0.06%), naval ill (0.07% ), diarrhoea (0.35%), hemorrhagic septicemia (0.21%), lack quarter (0.16%), anthrax (0.12%), mastitis (0.13%), malnutrition (0.06%), poisoning (0.13%) and rabies (0.05%). Among 549 dead cattle, the significantly highest (p<0.05%) number (n=108) of cattle died due to FMD and lowest (n=09) in rabies. Conclusion: The overall mortality rate of cattle was found comparatively low in the study area. This might be due to excellent management practices adopted by the farmers and efficient veterinary services as well as awareness among farmers but FMD disease is alarming due to scarcity of vaccine, vaccine failure, susceptibility of young cattle, etc.

Keywords: Cattle, Mortality rate, Breed, Disease.

Location: Rajshahi, Natore, Chapai Noawabgonj, Naogaon, Bogra, Joypurhat, Pabna and Sirajgonj districts, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Diseases

Objectives:

To determine the cattle mortality rate in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh in relation to breeds and various diseases.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the eight districts of Rajshahi Division. Four different Upazilas were selected randomly. The districts were Rajshahi, Natore, Chapai Noawabgonj, Naogaon, Bogra, Joypurhat, Pabna and Sirajgonj. The data was collected for one year during the period from July, 2011 to June, 2012. Data collection procedure: Data was collected from the owners of cattle by direct interview using a closed structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contained various information such as breed, cattle management system, disease prevalence etc. After the collection of data the cattle have been classified according to their genetic composition. The cattle were divided in 5 genetic groups which were Group-I: Local (L), Group-II: Local (L) x Freisian (F), Group-III: Local (L) x Shahiwal (SL), Group-IV: Local (L) x Jersey (J) and Group-V: Local (L) x Freisian (F) x Shahiwal (SL). A tentative diagnosis of causes of death of cattle was confirmed by clinical signs and symptoms of diseases, death certificate, laboratory examinations, veterinarian comments, disease history from owners as well as antemortem and postmortem reports etc. Management of cattle: The cattle are reared in both conventional and unconventional farming systems. There is different shed for different status of the animal. There are different types of floor systems such as the mad floor, semi-concrete floor, concrete floor etc. The surface of the floor is even and generally no bedding material is used. There is both natural and artificial airflow in the house. Both roughage and concentrates are offered to them. Some farmers grow green fodders besides the farm area. Concentrates supplied by the farmers are rice polish, wheat bran, anchor bran, rice gruel, broken maize, broken rice, til-oil cake, mustard oil cake, coconut oil cake, pulse husk, molasses, salt, toxin binder etc. They used irregular de-worming and vaccination for their cattle. Artificial and Natural type of insemination was practiced by the farmers. Data Analysis: The raw data were structured to calculate the cattle mortality rate due to breed and various diseases by basic descriptive statistical rates from the information obtained and compared to detect the change in disease burden and mortality by using a software computer programme (SPSS).

Source of Information: Bangladesh livestock journal. 2015. 1: 39-41; ISSN 2409-7691

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Funding Source:

Budget:

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Achievement/Findings:

Determination of the risk factors and understanding the common causes of mortality in cattle can help producers implement management practices to reduce these losses. An effective herd-health and production management programme would typically include bio-security practices to prevent the introduction and/or spread of disease agents, nutrition and preventive health programs to improve disease resistance of cattle and optimize reproductive success and reproductive management practices to enable timely assistance for dams and calves during calving season.

Knowledge Management: Journal