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Role of Artificial Insemination Towards the Food Security in Bangladesh

Md. Jalal Uddin Sarder
Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshai-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Food security is a very important global issue including developing countries. For a human balanced diet, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) recommended 250 ml milk and 120 gm of meat per capita per day. The current production of milk and meat in Bangladesh is about 3.463 million MT and 2.332 million MT per year, respectively where the actual requirement is about 13.687 million MT and 8.760 million MT per year. The cattle population in Bangladesh holding the 11th position in the world with low production of milk and meat. Artificial insemination (AI) has been started 50 years ago to upgrade the local cattle. At present, there is 22 Districts AI centre, 454 AI sub-centre and 2509 AI points in our country. Currently, Friesian, Sahiwal, Friesian × Local, Red Chittagong and Local bulls are used for AI. The government has taken initiative to increase meat and milk production through many projects viz. AI programme and embryo transfer, progeny testing project and beef breed development programme. Moreover, a few NGOs like BRAC, Milk vita, PRAN etc also launched AI activities. The main target of AI is to upgrade the local stock and increase the production of milk, meat and quality calf to meet up the protein demand. There are many constraints of AI programme in Bangladesh. So, this study has been undertaken to critically evaluate the present situation and future prospect of milk and meat production by the AI programme for enhancing the food security of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Artificial insemination (AI), Cattle, Food security, Bangladesh

Location: The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Nutrition, Milk

Objectives:

i. Economic benefits from sustainable utilization of AI

ii. Ensure long term food security of the nation

iii. Increase economic production of animal protein

iv. Maintain and conserve animal resource for the present and future generations

v. Enhance scientific and technological knowledge

vi. Educational and socio-cultural values of domestic animal diversity

vii. Application of animal biotechnology in line with ethical and religious needs.

Methodology:

The governmental bull station and BRAC provide AI service through the production of chilled semen and frozen semen. There are many ways of extension of this AI service such as through Upazila Veterinary hospital, Union parisod. Besides this, many NGO and AI technicians are providing door-to-door AI services. The governmental rate of frozen bull semen is TK. 30/ dose and chilled semen is Tk.15/dose and both are highly subsidized. On the other hand BRAC bull, frozen semen is TK.120/dose and Private natural service TK. 300/- (Bull)/heat of cow. The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) providing cattle AI service since 1985 through the establishment of its own bull station. The organization has gone on the production of frozen semen since November 2000. The annual production is 5,00,000 doses of straw. They are providing the AI service via their 1279 trained AI technicians. The AI technicians giving the service to the farmers through 89 nationwide AI services points. Besides this, the technicians are also providing door-to-door service. Bangladesh Milk Producers’ Cooperative Union Ltd. (Milk Vita) has its own bull center. Different exotic cattle AnGRs (Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian, Jersey) exist there. After the production of semen, they are providing the AI service to the farmers from door to door. Priorities of National Animal breeding Development: i. Improvement of quality of animals; ii. Characterization, conservation & improvement of dairy cattle iii. Genetic improvement of smallholder livestock using ONBS with the integration of MOET iv. Evaluation of exotic cattle & their crosses with native v. genetic ranking of animals to be used in AI services vi. Development of high yielding variety (HYV) in local environment. Constraints of AI Programme in Bangladesh: i. Lack of genetically potential breed and good quality semen ii. Inefficient and unskilled management iii. Environment, shortage of animal food iv. Lack of consciousness about AI to the farmer v. Heat detection failure vi. improper timing of AI vii. Diseases related to female reproductive tract viii. Lack of skilled AI technicians ix. The inconsistent breeding policy of government x. Insufficient research and extension work on AI under the existing system of DLS xi. Poor maintenance of physical facility and lab equipment xii. Manpower produced are less in number.

Source of Information: Bangladesh livestock journal. 2015. 1: 46-48; ISSN 2409-7691

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above discussions, it is clear that if the AI service could be implemented with proper care through minimizing the existing constraints, the daily protein demand for strong, healthy nation could be meet up. Through a proper AI programme, we could also ensure food security and could reduce the expenditure related to baby food and animal protein.

Knowledge Management: Journal