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Shading Effect of Multipurpose Trees on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice Cv. BRRI Dhan29

M. B. Hossain
Upazila Agriculture Officer, Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Nikli, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh

M. K. Hasan
Department of Agroforestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S. A. K. Hemel
Department of Agroforestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

N. A. Roshni
Department of Agroforestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S. R. Sadik
Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (December-May) to compare the vegetative growth and yield of Boro rice cv. BRRI dhan29 under tree shade and ambient (shade free) condition in Boira village at Sadar upazila of Mymensingh district. In this study, twelve years old Mango (Mangifera indica), eight years old Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and ten years old Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) trees were selected as treatment and each of the tree had six replications. The experiment was laid out in a two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). To achieve the objective, the parameters reflect on growth, yield and yield contributing characters were recorded at different stages of rice plants under both tree shade and ambient condition. The result showed that different treatments significantly influenced on the growth and yield contributing components viz. plant height, effective tillers hill^-1 , leaf number hill^-1 , leaf area hill^-1, panicle length, filled spikelet’s panicle^-1 and grain yield. The maximum (5.20 tha^-1 , 7.65 tha^-1 and 13.20 th^a-1 ) grain yield, straw yield and biological yield of rice was produced in the Mango ambient condition and the minimum (1.68 tha^-1) grain yield in the Mango tree shade and straw yield and biological yield (3.64 tha^-1 and 5.93 tha^-1) was produced in the Mahogany tree shade area. The highest (43.87%) harvest index of rice was recorded in Mahogany tree ambient area and the lowest (24.94%) in Mango tree shade area. From the above results, it was found that maximum (68%) reduction of rice grain yield was recorded under Mango tree shade, moderate (28%) under the shade of Mahogany tree where as no rice grain yield reduction was occurred in Sissoo tree shade and ambient condition. Therefore, it can be concluded that in consideration of shade casted by different trees, Sissoo-Boro rice and Mahogany-Boro rice based agroforestry systems is suitable in second case although there was some yield loss (28%) compare to Mango-Boro rice agroforestry system

Keywords: Tree shade, Boro rice, Grain yield, Agroforestry system

Location: Boira village under Sadar upazila of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Rice, Agroforestry

Objectives:

To evaluate the vegetative growth and yield of Boro rice cv. BRRI dhan29 under Mango, Mahogany and Sissoo tree shade and ambient (shade free) condition and also to find out the suitability of growing above trees in the boundary of Boro rice field.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Boira village under Sadar upazila of Mymensingh district during Rabi season (December-May). The experimental site is located at 24°4' North latitude and 90°24' East longitude. The land of the experimental field was medium high in elevation belongs to the Agro-ecological zone-9 of the old Brahmaputra Flood Plain under Sonatola soil series. The soil texture is silty loam is characterized by non-calcareous dark grey flood plain soil having pH value from 6.5 to 6.8 (FAO, 1988). The climate of the area is subtropical characterized by a distinct wet season from May to October and a dry season from November to April. The experiment was carried out in a two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications. The following treatments were used in this experiment: Factor A: Tree species- Mango (Mangifera indica), Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) Factor B: Sunshine condition- Shade and ambient (shade free) The experimental field was ploughed in wet condition with power tiller followed by laddering. The land was puddle thoroughly by ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering in order to level the soil. Weed and other stubbles were removed from the field. The recommended doses of all fertilizers except urea were applied in the experimental plots during final land preparation. Urea fertilizer was applied in three equal splits at 10, 30 and 45 days after transplanting, respectively (FRG, 2012). Forty (40) days old seedlings of BRRI dhan29 were transplanted on with spacing 20 cm × 15 cm. Two or three healthy seedlings per hill were transplanted in the experimental plots. After transplanting, necessary cultural operations were done as required. The sunshine intensity of shade under different tree (i.e. mango, mahogany and sissoo) and non-shade ambient area were measured on 19, 26 and 28 April with the help of light photo meter (Model LI-250, LICOR, USA). The sunshine intensity in both shade and ambient area were recorded in the morning (9:40 am), early noon (11:50 am), noon (12:25 pm), late noon (1:30 pm), early afternoon (2:30 pm) and afternoon (3:15 pm). The rice harvested at its full maturity. The rice in shade area of sissoo, mango and mahogany trees were harvested at 111, 125 and 125 days after transplanting (DAT) and shade free area of these trees at 111 DAT. Two types of sampling were collected; one for growth parameters and the other related to yield and yield parameters at harvest time. At each sampling, six hills were uprooted from each of shading condition and shade free area (i.e. ambient condition) under mango, mahogany and sissoo trees. The growth characteristics of rice plant such as plant height (cm), number of tillers hill-1, number of leaves hill^-1 were counted at 79, 86, 93 and 100 DAT. Then the plant parts such as root, leaf, stem and panicles (after panicle initiation) were separated and weighed. Leaf area was measured by using an electronic leaf area meter. The leaf area of the rest hills was calculated from the oven dries of measured leaf weight. The data on total tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^-1, number of panicle hill^-1, panicle length (cm), filled grain panicle^-1, unfilled grain panicle^-1, panicle weight (g), straw weight (g), 1000 grains weight (g), grain yield, straw yield (tha^-1 ), biological yield (tha^-1) and harvest index (%) were recorded at final harvest. The data were statistically analyzed to test the level of significance and the means were ranked by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: http://journal.safebd.org/index.php/jafe; Vol2No 1March2021Pages 87-92e-ISSN 2708-5694

Article Link (Online Journal): http://doi.org/10.47440/JAFE.2021.2115

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present study, it was noted that increase in plant height, non-effective tillers hill^-1, sterile spikelet’s panicle^-1 and decrease grain yield (tha^-1 ), effective tillers hill^-1, grains panicle^-1 were observed under mango trees. The lesser number of effective tillers hill^-1, grains panicle^-1, grain yield (tha^-1 ) and biological yield (tha^-1) were observed due to shading effect of mahogany trees. Comparatively higher sunshine intensity existed in the Sissoo tree shade area due to higher amount of penetrating light. Therefore, no significant difference in sunshine intensity between shade and ambient condition of sissoo trees was observed. This leads to the similar yield and yield components of rice between shade and ambient rice field under sissoo tree. From the above findings, it can be concluded that sissoo-boro rice is found suitable than the other mango and mahogany tree rice based agroforestry system considering growth and yield contributing characters of Boro rice.

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