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Studies on Floral Biology of Jackfruit

M.A. Haque
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. Majumder
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study on the blossom biology of jackfruit was carried out during February, 2000 to May, 2001 at Jackfruit Research Project, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Eight germplasm (Nos-14, 16, 25, 29, 20, 45, 46 and 58) of same age were selected for the study. The period for the floral bud development varied from 51 to 75 days with an average of 59.4 days. Six different sequences of spike opening were observed on footstalk. The availability of pollen grains and receptivity of female spikes ranged from 4 to 7 days (ay. 5.3 days) and 19 to 32 days (ay. 26 days), respectively. The peak emergence of anther and its dehiscence occurred during 2-4 P.M. and 4-6 P.M., respectively and the peak emergence of stigma at 8-10 A.M.

Keywords: Blossom biology, Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus

Location: Jackfruit Research Project, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-02-2000

End Date: 00-05-2001

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Jackfruit

Objectives:

The knowledge on the blossom biology is essential for better pGIlination and fruit set which will enhance productivity. Hence, a study on the blossom biology of jackfruit was undertaken.

Methodology:

Study on blossom biology of some jackfruit germplasm was carried out during February, 2000 to May, 2001 at the orchard of Jackfruit Research Project, Horticulture Farm, BAU, Mymensingh. The data were collected from eight germplasm (Nos 14, 16, 25, 29, 30, 45, 46 and 58) which were 12 years old. The following parameters have been studied. Flowering season and floral bud development Flowering season of. jackfruit was considered as the duration from the emergence of first spike (both male and female) to the dehiscence of anther on last male spike or withering of stigma on last female spike. Peak flowering season was also considered the duration while maximum n. Imber of spike was available on the plant. The flowering and peak flowering season were observed and recorded by visiting the orchard time to time in the morning. The period from the initiation of flowering shoot to reach the stage of opening of the spike coming out from spathes was considered as the time for the development of floral bud. The observation was made by tagging 5 footstalks on trunk and scaffold limbs. During the flowering period the tree develops special fruiting branchlets that grow out of the trunk and branches called footstalk. The number of spike per stalk and leafy shoot was observed and recorded time to time during the period. Spikes opening, anthesis and availability of pollen grains At the time of opening each bud was tagged in a footstalk and time period of two successive spikes opening was determined. The period from initiation of spike opening to shedding of spathe was considered as the time between opening and shedding of spathe from the spike. It was determined through day to day- observation. The anthesis was determined by observing the selected spike in every day. Duration of availability of pollen grains on male spike was considered as the dehiscence of the first anther and dehiscence of the last anther on the male spike which was determined by daily observation. Time of anthesis and dehiscence of anther of the individual flower was studied during 24 hours. Male spikes were tagged in each plant and observed at 2 hrs interval from 6 A.M. to 6 P.M., finally the cumulative number of the emergence of anther and dehiscence of anther were counted the next morning (6 A.M.) with the help of a magnifying glass. Female spike opening and emergence of stigma Duration between female spike opening and protrusion of stigma was considered as the time between opening of the spikes from the spathe' and the emergence, of first stigma on the female spike. It was done using magnifying glass. Duration of receptivity of female spike was considered as the number of days required for the emergence of first stigma and withering of last stigma on the same female spike. The start of receptivity of stigma was indicated by stickiness and the completion by withering of individual flower on a spike. It was done by day-to-day observation by using magnifying glass. The duration of receptivity of individual stigma was considered as the time between the stickiness and withering of a stigma on female spike. The rate of emergence of stigma was observed by using a magnifying glass. It was made at 2 hours interval from 6 A.M. to 6 P. M., finally the cumulative number of the emergence of stigma were counted next Morning (6 A.M.).

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 4(1): 9-16, 2006 ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Six different sequences of spike opening was observed on footstalk. The availability of pollen grains and receptivity of female spikes ranged from 4 to 7 days (ay. 5.3 days) and 19 to 32 days (ay. 26 days), respectively. The peak emergence of anther and its dehiscence occurred during 2-4 P.M. and 4-6 P.M., respectively and the peak emergence of stigma at 8-10 A.M.

Knowledge Management: Journal