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Morphological Characterization of Macro Fungi Associated with Forest Tree of National Botanical Garden, Dhaka

H. Rubina
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

F. M. Aminuzzaman*
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

M. S. M. Chowdhury
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

K. Das
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This investigation was conducted in National Botanical Garden, Dhaka located at 24°00′ N (Latitude), 90°00′ E (Longitude) to document the morphology, diversity and distribution of macrofungi during the rainy seasons of July to October 2015. A total of 23 macrofungi samples were collected and identified to 20 species under 10 genera and 10 families. The predominant genera were Ganoderma sp., Lepiota sp., Daedeleopsis sp., Russula sp., Psythyrella sp., Lycoperdon sp., Crepidotus sp., Psilocybe sp, Flammulina sp. and Cantharellus sp. The survey revealed that six species are edible, thirteen species are inedible but among them, nine species have medicinal value and only one species of unknown uses. The maximum density of occurrence was exhibited by Psilocybe cubensis (45%) followed by Lepiota sp. (40%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (35%) and Ganoderma lucidum (25%). The specimens were deposited to Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Herbarium of Macrofungi (SHMF). The present investigation emphasized the existence of distinct biodiversity in the macrofungi population at the National Botanical Garden, Dhaka.

Keywords: National Botanical Garden; Diversity; Macrofungi; Distribution, Macro fungi.

Location: National Botanical Garden, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungal Disease

Objectives:

The main objective of the present survey study was to collect, morphologically characterize and preserve macrofungal species associated with forest trees of National Botanical Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

In the present study morphological characterization of mushrooms at the National Botanical Garden, Dhaka was investigated. 2.1 Survey Area The survey was conducted in the National Botanical Garden, Dhaka which is situated in the tropical moist deciduous forest region of Bangladesh. According to the National Mapping Organization of Bangladesh, Dhaka is located at 23º42′37″ N (Latitude), 90°24′26″ E (Longitude) where National Botanical garden is located at 24°00′ N (Latitude), 90°00′ E (Longitude). 2.2 Collection Time Periodical survey was made to the selected area for the collection of macrofungi during the rainy season from July to October 2015. 2.3 Mushroom Collection The fungal survey depends on the timing and location of observation. Necessary materials and equipment such as isolation kit, slants, petridishes containing medium, isolation chamber, typed datasheet, digital camera for photography, digging equipment, heat convector cardboard, chemical reagents for biochemical analysis were arranged and collection of samples were usually made during day time and field characteristics of mushrooms were recorded in the datasheet. Soft mushrooms were collected carefully by using forceps/freehand while the mushrooms growing on wood were collected along with a small part of the wood. The photograph was taken in their natural habitat. Each sample was wrapped in the paper envelop along with field notes, date of collection, habitat, locality and specimen number on the tag. 2.4 Mushroom Identification The collected specimens were brought to the laboratory. The measurements of various parts of mushrooms were recorded and morphological features were observed. The taxonomy has been done on the basis of macro and microscopic characteristics according to the literature. The morphological parameters used for the identification of mushroom specimens such as cap color, cap surface, cap margin, cap diameter, stipe length, gill attachment, gill spacing and spore dimension. Microscopic features were carried out using standard microscopic methods. The information of the various characters stated was used to identify each specimen by comparison with illustrations in colour field guides and also by the use of descriptions and keys. The specimens were dried in hot air at 40°-50°C and stored in air-tight containers with some silica gel for further microscopic studies. The spores of collected mushrooms were mounted on slides by using glycerine and cotton blue for their size measurement. The spore diameter and the photograph of spores were calculated using the Motic Microscope (Motic images plus 2.0) with the magnification of 40x. Collected mushroom species have been categorized as edible, inedible and medicinal uses based on available world literature.

2.5 Diversity Analysis A predesigned collection and data analysis procedures were used to collect the information in the level of knowledge on biodiversity of mushroom. The density of different species has been determined by the following formula [5]:

(%) Density = (Total number of individual of a particular species/ Total number of species) X 100

Source of Information: Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 11(4): 1-18, 2017; Article no.JABB.30970 ISSN: 2394-1081

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/JABB/2017/30970

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

For the study of biodiversity, habitat and morphology of macrofungi a survey was conducted in the National Botanical Garden, Dhaka. After morphological study in both field and laboratory and spore ornamentation under microscope 20 different species were found from 23 collected samples. Psilocybe cubensis is the most abundant species having the highest density of occurrence (45%) followed by Ganoderma pfeifferi (35%), Ganoderma lucidum (25%), Ganoderma applanatum (20%), Crepidotus variabilis (15%) and Lepiota cristata (10%).

Knowledge Management: Journal