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Management of Health and Quality of Chilli Seeds Collected from Saline Area.

R Sumayea
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S. Afroza
Department of Biotechnology, BAU, Mymensingh

M. Jannatul
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

H. A. Afroja
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. D. Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Health and quality of seed samples of ten varieties of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) collected from the farmers of different locations of saline area were assessed. About 580 seed-borne fungal infections were recorded from 4000 seeds representing ten varieties. The predominant fungi were Colletotrichum capsici (17.65%), Fusarium oxysporum (15.65%), Alternaria sp. (13.35%), Aspergillus flavus (11.75 %) and Cladosporium sp. (11.45%). Germination of seeds of chilli varieties varied from 55-80%. Higher germination percentage (80 %) and seed borne infection were recorded from var. Jia while lowest was in var. Baromashi. Seeds were treated with plant extracts viz. garlic, neem and allamonda to control the seed borne pathogens. In treated seeds, germination was increased from 60-92% and seed borne infections were reduced from 65-99%. Among the plant extract doses, 1:1 dilution of garlic, neem and allamanda extracts showed significant performance in controlling seed borne pathogens and increasing germination of chilli seeds.

Keywords: Chilli seeds, seed health, plant extract and pathogen management.

Location: Khulna, Bagerhat, Mongla, Borguna and Jessore districts, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-07-2012

End Date: 31-12-2012

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

a. To study the prevalence of seed borne fungi associated with the chilli seeds collected from costal area, b. To evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts for management of the seed borne pathogens of chilli.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Seed Pathology Center (SPC) and M.S. Laboratory, department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from July to December, 2012. Ten varieties of chilli viz. Jia, Chandramukhi, Agnisri, Agnishikha, Angurmorich, Surayamukhi, Shurjomukhi Bulet, Bogura morich, Baromashi and Devshikha were used in the studies collected from saline area such as of Khulna, Bagerhat, Mongla, Borguna and Jessore districts. Seed germination and health of all the seed samples were analyzed (for detection of fungi) by Blotter Method following the International rules of Seed Testing Association (ISTA, 2001). In this method, three pieces of filter paper (Whatman No.1) were soaked in sterilized water and placed at the bottom of 9 cm dia. glass petridish. Four hundred (400) seeds from each sample were taken randomly and then placed on the moist filter paper in 24 replicate petridishes at the rate of 25 seeds per plates. The petridishes with the seeds were then incubated at 25 ± 2° C. Seeds produced both plumule and radical after incubation were considered as sprouted seeds. The result was expressed as percentage. Incubated seeds were observed under stereomicroscope at 16x and 25x magnification. The incidence of seed born fungi were detected by observing their growth characters on the incubated seeds on blotter paper following the keys outlined. Temporary slides were prepared from the fungal colony and observed under compound microscope. The fungi were identified with the help of keys. Three botanics such as Garlic clove (Allium sativum), Neem (Azadiractha indica) and Allamonda (Allamonda cathartica) leaves were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh. The collected leaves and cloves were washed carefully in running tap water, dried and weighed by an electric balance. The extract were prepared by grinding in a mortar was followed 1:1,1:2 and 1:3 doses 1ml, 2ml and 3ml of distilled water (weight/volume) were added, respectively with 1 gram of plant material. Thus 100g crushed materials were diluted in 100ml water to have 1:1 dilution ratio. The crushed materials were filtered through cheese cloth. A total of 10 treatments (nine botanicals and one control) were used as follows: To = Control, T₁ = Neem @ (1:1), T₂ = Neem @ (1:2), T₃= Neem @ (1:3), T₄ = Garlic @ (1:1), T₅ = Garlic @ (1:2), T₆= Garlic @ (1:3), T₇= Allamanda @ (1:1), T₈= Allamanda @ (1:2) and T₉= Allamanda @ (1:3). Chilli seeds were treated with the above treatments in each dilution of each three plant extracts. Seed samples of chilli were dipped in each extract contained in petridishes at different dilution for one hour. Then the plant extract was drained out from the petridishes. The treated seeds were dried on blotting papers for one hour. A set of control was maintained by dipping the seeds in tap water. Three replications were maintained for treatment. After incubating the treated seeds, the fungi yielded were observed and germination of seeds was counted. The design of experiment was CRD (Completely Randomized Design). The recorded data on various parameters under the present study were statistically analysed using MSTAT statistical-package programme.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 16 (1 &2): 193-200 (2012), ISSN 1029 - 8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present findings clearly showed that the fungi Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Cladosporium sp. are associated with the chilli seeds samples and they significantly reduced percentage of seed germination. The prevalence of fungal infections and seed germination varied depending on chilli varieties and locations of seed collection. This is in agreement with the observations made by Begum and Momin (2000). Moreover, the variation of seed borne fungi with variety and location has been observed in a number of other crops viz., tomato, cucumber, white gourd, brinjal, okra and chilli by different research workers. The present study reveals that around 13% of the seeds were infected by fungi. In other words, at least one seed out of five had fungal infection. This indicates that chilli seeds produced by farmers are quite frequently infected by seed borne fungi. Five species of fungi Colletotrichum capsici, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Cladosporium sp. were detected in the present study which supports the findings who reported similar types of seed borne fungi on chilli. The occurrence of pathogens was Colletotrichum capsici (12.5%-27.0%), Alternaria sp. (8%-15%), Aspergillus flavus (7.5%-17.0%), Fusarium oxysporum (11.0%-20.0%) and Cladosporium sp. (7%-16%). The association of seed borne fungi of chilli has also been observed by a good number of researche. Significantly the highest effects on reduction of seed borne fungi were recorded when the tested three plant extracts were used at 1:1 dilutions followed by 1:2 dilution. However, garlic extract used in controlling seed-borne infection of different crops showed that garlic extract was a potential agent to control the seed-borne pathogens of different vegetable crops.

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