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Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts for Controlling Seed Borne Fungi of Farmers Saved Mustard Seeds

S. D. Chowdhury
Professor
Department of poultry science, BAU, Mymensingh-2202

N. K. Sutradhar
Department of poultry science, BAU, Mymensingh-2202

M. A. Ali
Department of poultry science, BAU, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seed-borne fungi of mustard of Lalpur upazila, Natore and Fulbaria upazila, Mymensingh were identified and different plant extracts were examined for their efficacy in controlling seed-borne fungi. Eight fungul species under six genera viz. Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola, Fusarium sp., Penicillium spp, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Curvularia lunata and Rhizopus stolonifer were found predominantly associated with seeds. Dry inspection revealed that seed lots contained apparently healthy seeds, shriveled and discoloured seeds, mechanically broken seeds and diseased seeds at various levels (%). Five plant extracts viz. garlic clove (Album sativum), allamanda leaf (Allamanda cathartica), neem leaf (Azadiracta indica), tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) and biskatali leaf (Polygonum hydropiper) @ 1:1 and 1:2 w/v concentration were evaluated against seed-borne fungi associated with mustard seeds. The experiment revealed that garlic clove extract @ 1:1 was found effective against the seed-borne fungal infection. Garlic clove extract @ 1:1 and 1:2 concentrations reduced 76.17% and 68.68% infection whereas biskatali leaf extract @ 1:1 performed lowest in reducing seed-borne fungal infection.

Keywords: Seed-borne fungi, Mustard and Plant extracts.

Location: Lalpur upazila of Natore district and Fulbaria upazila of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

To evaluate the health and quality status of farmers’ saved mustard seeds and feasibility of using different plant extracts to control these seed-borne fungi.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Seed Pathology Center (SPC), Plant Disease Clinic and M.S. laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Seed samples (40) of mustard were collected from farmers of 20 villages of Lalpur upazila of Natore district and 20 villages of Fulbaria upazila of Mymensingh district. A working sample of 400 seeds was randomly taken from each sample. The seed samples were examined and grouped visually into apparently healthy seeds, shriveled and discolored seeds, mechanically broken seeds and diseased seeds according to the rules of ISTA. Seed-borne infection was detected by blotter method. Twenty five seeds were placed on water soaked blotter paper (Whatman No.1) in 9 cm plastic petridish and incubated at 22±2° C under 12 hours alternate cycle of Near Ultra Violate (NUV) light and darkness (ISTA, 1976). For each seed sample 100 seeds were examined and four replications were maintained. After 7 days of incubation, the incubated seeds were observed under sterio-microscope. Fungi were identified following Ellis (1971), Chidambaram et al., (1973), Neergaard (1979) and Khan and Kumar (1992). Crude extracts of Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Allamanda cathartics, Nicotiana tabacum and Polygonum hydropiper were prepared by crushing the plant parts in blender with distilled water at the proportion of 1:1 and 1:2. To prepare 1:1 extracts 100 g plant material was crushed with 100 ml water and additional 100 ml water was added to prepare the dilution 1:2. The extracts were filtered through cheese cloth and kept in a refrigerator at 4°C for further experimental purpose. Twenty five seeds were dipped for 5 minutes into garlic, neem, allamanda, tobacco and biskatali extracts. Eight samples for each treatment were maintained and therefore 100 seeds were treated. The treated seeds were examined following the standard blotter method (ISTA, 1976). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). A statistical package MSTATC was used to analyze the data. The mean comparison among the treatments was done by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. & Tech. 14 (1 &2): 229-235 (2010), ISSN 1029 - 8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on this experiment, it is evident that several seed-borne fungi are associated with mustard seeds. These fungi are reported to cause damage of seeds during storage. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the health status of mustard seeds for planting value. An endeavor was taken to reduce seed-borne infection by botanical extracts. Significant reduction of seed-borne fungi was found from different plant extracts. Therefore, it can be suggested that garlic extract or Allamanda extract @1:1 dilution can be used to reduce seed-borne fungi. Moreover, these plant extracts are non-toxic, natural and cost-effective. Further researches are also needed to find out and separate active ingredients of these botanicals for commercial formulation and mass production. Five plant extracts viz. garlic clove (Album sativum), allamanda leaf (Allamanda cathartica), neem leaf (Azadiracta indica), tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum) and biskatali leaf (Polygonum hydropiper) @ 1:1 and 1:2 w/v concentration were evaluated against seed-borne fungi associated with mustard seeds. The experiment revealed that garlic clove extract @ 1:1 was found effective against the seed-borne fungal infection. Garlic clove extract @ 1:1 and 1:2 concentrations reduced 76.17% and 68.68% infection whereas biskatali leaf extract @ 1:1 performed lowest in reducing seed-borne fungal infection.

Knowledge Management: Journal, Report/Proceedings