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Growth Performance of Chlorella Vulgaris in Different Concentrations of Red Sugar Medium Easily Available in Bangladesh

ANM Azizul Islam Khan
Department of Fisheries (DoF), Govt. of Bangladesh Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Ahsan Bin Habib
Professor
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh,

Md. Idris Miah
Professor
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Abstract Chlorella Vulgaris was cultured in different concentrations of red sugar medium (RSM0.4 g/l, RSM0.8g/l, and RSM1.2 g/l) and in Bold basal medium (BBM) as control. Maximum cell growth (×105 )/ml of Chlorella Vulgaris was found 200.21 on 8th day in red sugar medium (RSM0.4 g/l) followed by BBM and other RSMs. Similar trends were observed in case of chlorophyll a content and optical density of C. vulgaris grown in red sugar media (RSM) and BBM. Specific growth rates (SGRs) of cell number and chlorophyll content were found maximum on 8th day of Chlorella vulgaris grown in RSM0.4 g/l followed by other media of RSM and the BBM. Total biomass followed a similar trend. Proximate composition analysis of Chlorella vulgaris grown in different concentrations of RSM and BBM showed maximum protein 46.11% in RSM0.4 g/l followed by 45.44% in BBM and all RSM media. Crude protein and crude lipid of the cultured C. vulgaris were found significantly (P<0.01) higher grown in RSM0.4 g/l indicates that this food item may possibly be a promoting source of low cost culture medium for Chlorella vulgaris or any other microalgal species.

Keywords: Biomass, Chlorophyll, Optical density, Crude protein

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sweets

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the growth performance of C. vulgaris in different concentrations of red sugar media to establish a low-cost and easily available source of microalgae culture media.

Methodology:

2.1 Sample Collection and Preparation of Culture Media: Red sugar was collected from local market and red sugar media (RSM) were made in different concentrations to inoculate Chlorella vulgaris in volumetric flask with a blank in Bold Basal Medium (BBM). Different media concentrations of red sugar RSM0.4 g/l, RSM0.8 g/l and RSM1.2 g/l were developed for culture of C. vulgaris in laboratory condition. Red sugar was measured and diluted in distilled water to make the solutions of RSM 0.4g/l, RSM 0.8g/l and RSM 1.2g/l in different glassware’s. 260 mg/l urea was added in each of the red sugar media to enhance the nitrogen level and all the flasks were autoclaved to sterilize the media at 120⁰C steam heat. Three treatments of RSM were designed after a series of laboratory trial for the culture of Chlorella vulgaris with control as Bold basal medium (BBM). Chemical composition of BBM stock solutions.

For the preparation of 01 (one) litre BBM for culture medium 10 ml of each of the stock solutions from serial# 1-6 and 1.0 ml from each of the stock solutions serial no# 7-10 were pipetted to make one litre volume with distilled water in a volumetric flask. 2.2 Culture of Chlorella vulgaris: Chlorella vulgaris (No.001) was cultured in RSM 0.4g/l, RSM 0.8g/l and RSM 1.2g/l and in BBM at Live Food Culture Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Chlorella vulgaris were inoculated from a stock culture of six days to make a 10% suspension (optical density at 620 nm= 0.02) in all the culture treatments [10]. A 12h:12h light : dark system for 12 days were maintained in the laboratory under light intensity of 2000 at 18lux/m²/s. Continuous aeration was also maintained providing electric aerator connected by plastic tubes in culture bottles. Three replications were taken for each culture. The cell count of Chlorella vulgaris was done in every alternate day using improved Neubuer ruling Haemacytometer under a light microscope. The cell number, optical density, chlorophyll-a, pH, and some other physicochemical parameters were measured every alternate day following standard methods. 2.3 Estimation of chlorophyll-a content: Optical densities of the prepared sample were analyzed at 664, 647 and 630 nm wave length operating UV-spectrophotometer. A blank in selective tube with 100% acetone was allowed to run simultaneously. Chlorophyll-a content was calculated by the following formula: Chlorophyll-a (mg/litre) = 11.85 (OD 664) -1.54 (OD 647) - 0.8 (OD 620) Specific growth rate (mg/day) and the total biomass of C. vulgaris were also determined on the basis of cell and chlorophyll-a content following standard methods.

2.5 Proximate composition analysis: The microalgae cultured in different concentrations of RSM and BBM were harvested before stationary phase and placed in vials to centrifuge at 5000 rpm for five minutes to separate the microalgae. To prevent salt from the filtered samples, ammonium formate (32 g/l) was used to rinse the samples. Then the microalgae were cleaned with distilled water and separated with repeated centrifugation. The separated microalgae firstly kept at 0^o C for three days and then dried in the oven at 40^oC. The dry samples were preserved in the freeze at -10^oC for study the proximate composition. The prepared samples of C. vulgaris were analyzed in triplicate to estimate crude protein, lipid, moisture, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (in the Nutrition Lab of Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh) following the standard methods.

2.6 Analysis and interpretation of data: Data were statistically analyzed and interpreted to determine the differences within the measured parameters and the treatment means using one way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test following MSTAT statistical package.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2018; 6(6): 136-141

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In Bangladesh red sugar is locally known as ‘gur’ and very popular sweetening item abundantly available in sugarcane industry area. More than 35% sugarcane used for gur production. In India it is widely known as JAGGERY/GUR. Jaggery/Gur production in India is about 7-10 million tons (mt) per annum, while its per capita consumption is about 5 kg. It is the most ancient sweetening agent in India. This is a low grade non-centrifugal sweetener consumed in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Africa, Myanmar, China and other countries. They found 75% of Jaggery/Gur goes to alcohol production, rest goes for ayuvedic, herbal product, animal feed, eating purpose etc in some area of UP. In present investigation the red sugar medium (RSM 0.4g/l) found a good microalgal culture media even showed significantly better growth performance than the control Bold basal medium (BBM). For microalgal biomass productions, microbial transglutaminase, extraction of β-carotene, polyunsaturated fatty acids and astaxanthin, this RSM medium may contribute to a great extend as gur being a low cost [6] and easily available ingredient in many sugarcane producing countries. Hope this traditional food item may be an important source for biomass production to accumulate biofuels, especial oils, pigments and polymers in future.

Knowledge Management: Journal