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Elemental Analysis of Some Selected Fruits and Vegetables Samples in Bangladesh

Md. Redwanur Rahman
Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Some selected essential elements in some fruit and vegetables are commonly consumed by all income groups of rural and urban people of Bangladesh. PIXE technique has been employed to perform essential and trace elemental analysis of Zn, Ca, Fe, K, Cl, Cu, Mn and Br in some fruits and vegetables of Rajshahi region of Bangladesh. The concentration of the elements in each fruits and vegetable are investigated that in fruits Psidium guajava contains the highest amount of Ca (66800mg/kg) and Averrhoa carambola contain highest of K (28950mg/kg). In vegetables, highest amount of Ca and K are exhibited by Brassica rapa (30541mg/kg) and Solanum tuberosum (31098mg/kg) respectively. The Fe content fairly good in all fruit samples varying from 250.30mg/kg in Emblica officinalis to 545mg/kg in Carica papaya and all vegetables samples varying from 319mg/kg in Lagenaria siceraria to 9230mg/kg in Daucus carota. Zn content in the studied samples is highest in Artocarpus heterophyllus (65mg/kg) in fruit and Daucus carota 110.05mg/kg in vegetables. Mn is found in all fruits and vegetables samples. Among them in vegetables Daucus carota contains highest amount (10mg/kg) of Mn and in fruits Olea europea contain highest amount (9mg/kg) of Mn. Copper content in the studied samples is found only in Cucurbita moschata (26.87mg/kg) in vegetables and Averrhoa carambola (20.56mg/kg) in fruit which probably plays a role in prevention of inflammation, given that Cu is a useful anti-inflammatory agent. Highest CI content is found in vegetables in Solanum tuberosum (7890mg/kg) and Averrhoa carambola (4567mg/kg) in fruit. The minimum chloride requirement for a healthy adult is 700mg/day. Bromine only found in Lycopersicon esculentum (118mg/kg) in vegetables. In all over the world such analysis is running routinely to ensure the good health and quality of life of human being.

Keywords: Elemental Analysis, Fruits, Vegetables, PIXE, Bangladesh

Location: Rajshahi district from the Northern part of Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Fruit, Vegetables

Objectives:

The main objective of the present research to find out the toxicity or the deficiency of some major, minor and trace elements in some selected vegetables and fruits samples which are commonly consumed by both rural and urban population of Bangladesh. So the main objectives are analysis of major, minor and trace elements concentration in some fruits and vegetables.

Methodology:

2.1. Study Area: To measure of concentration of elements in the some fruits and vegetables were observed of population exposure. Under the limited scope of the research, we have selected Rajshahi district from the Northern part of Bangladesh. Samples are collected from different season during monsoon and winter season of different places of this district.

2.2. Sampling and Sample Preparation Fruits and vegetables samples were collected from various areas of Rajshahi district viz., Tanore, Mohanpur, Paba, Puthia, Godagari, Bagmara, Durgapur, Boalia, Chargat and Bagha in different season.

2.3. Vegetables and Fruits Samples Preparation Locally produced fruits and vegetables samples were taken for the analysis.

All the fruits and vegetables samples were dried in an electric oven at a temperature of 120°C for about four hours. After cooling the samples to room temperature, the dried sample was milled by milling machine uniformly and very carefully and made into powder. After milling the sample was taken into aluminum fuel so that no moisture could into the sample. Then it was transferred to hydraulic pressure machine for making tablet. 2.4. Making Tablet by the Sample (Powder) Some of the powder samples are presented in a photograph. Some portion (about 0.200gm) from powder samples was taken for making tablets by electrical balance during this time the electrical balance machine was calibrated by tearing. The sample was taken into weighting papers and specula were used for taking sample. The machine was totally error free and gave accurate results. Figure 2. Sample of Carrot (Daucus carota) powder. Figure 3. Sample of Carrot (Daucus carota) tablets. The tablet was made by Hydraulic pressure machine that’s diameter was 10mm. This work was done by giving 5 (five) tones pressure. After making tablet it was removed from the hydraulic pressure machine by just giving hand pressure and some of these prepared tablets are presented in a photograph is shown in figure 3. 2.5. Storage of Tablet After being made tablets, it was storage at -200°C temperature into a refrigerator for analyzing essential contents. The proposed sample tablet was irradiated with proton beam 2.55 MeV using 3 M Tandem Acceleration of the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data Analysis: The X-ray spectrum was analyzed by using GUPIX software that can simply which automatically fit the spectra to obtain the elemental concentrations.

Source of Information: American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics; 2016; 2(1): 1-6; ISSN: 2471-9765 (Print); ISSN: 2471-979X (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20160201.11

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Vegetables and fruit samples were analyzed but no samples contain fluorine. So it can be concluded that vegetables and fruits are not a significant source of F uptake of the population of this region. It is clear that K and Ca are the most abundant detected elements in the samples. It is observed that in fruits Guava contains the highest amount of Ca (66800mg/kg) and Carambola contains the highest of K (28950mg/kg). The Fe content fairly good in all fruit samples (varying from 250.30mg/kg in Amla to 545mg/kg in Papaya) and all vegetable samples (varying from 319mg/kg in Bottle Gourd to 9230mg/kg in Carrot). Zn content in the studied samples is highest in Jackfruit (65mg/kg) in fruit and Carrot 110.05mg/kg in vegetables. Mn is found in all fruits and vegetable samples. Among them in vegetable Carrot contains the highest amount (10mg/kg) of Mn and in fruits Olive contain highest amount (9mg/kg) of Mn. Copper content in the studied samples is found only in Pumpkin (26.87mg/kg) in vegetables and Carambola (20.56mg/kg) in fruit which probably plays a role in the prevention of inflammation, given that Cu is a useful anti-inflammatory agent. The Highest CI content is found in vegetables in Potato (7890mg/kg) and Carambola (4567mg/kg) in fruit. The minimum chloride requirement for a healthy adult is 700mg/day. The deficiency of chlorine causes anorexia, weakness, growth failure, severe convulsions. Bromine only found in tomatoes (118mg/kg) in vegetables. No toxic heavy metals were detected. Fruits and vegetables contain elements of vital importance in man's metabolism and that are needed for growth and development, prevention and healing of diseases. It is hoped that the data from this study provide a preliminary assessment of the background levels of selected traces and essential elements of the Rajshahi district. Therefore such studies will help us to understand environmental pollution and its effects on human health. In the developed countries such analyses are done routinely to ensure the good health and quality of life of their citizens. I conclude that these data could provide as an important reference for future research.

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