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Participation of Rural Women in Homestead Agricultural Activities and Its Impact on Family Income: Evidence from Sadar Upazilla of Rangpur District in Bangladesh

U. Kulsum
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh;

M.S. Rahman
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh;

M.R. Hasan*
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study is undertaken to assess the profitability of homestead enterprises practiced by the rural women, to determine the factors that are contributing to income earned from homestead agricultural activities by the women, and to assess women’s involvement on changing status in decision making of the selected farm households. Primary data were collected by direct interview from Rangpur Sadar Upazilla with a pretested survey questionnaire. Profitability analysis was performed on the basis of gross margin and net returns while a log-log regression model was run to estimate the factors that contribute to the income earned from the homestead farming activities by the women. Moreover, a three-point Likert scale was used to estimate the perception scores of women participations in the day to day household decision making process. The results from the research indicated that the net return for vegetables and fruits per household was estimated Tk. 8,721 while it was Tk. 18,237 for livestock and poultry rearing. It is also found that these enterprises are profitable in business. Log-log regression estimates indicate that income from homestead agricultural activities increases with the increases in the age of the respondent, education of the respondent, and experience of the respondent. The Perception Index showed that women were given priority not only in the decision-making process about farm activities but also on the decision making of other non-farm activities. Homestead activities create employment opportunity for rural women and they spent more times in the homestead activities. Participation of rural women in decision making process is increasing day by day by practicing homestead activities on regular basis. Thus, this study would help in understanding the profitability of homestead agricultural activities along with women empowerment, and women decision-making process at home.

Keywords: Family income, Homestead activities, Impact, Rural women

Location: Sadarupazilla of Rangpur district in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-02-2017

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Income generation

Objectives:

This study would contribute to understand the profitability of homestead agricultural activities along with its contribution to family income and women’s changing status of household decision making.

Methodology:

Study Area and Data Collection: Sadarupazilla of Rangpur district in Bangladesh was purposively selected for the present study based on the concentration of large number of households consisting of homestead gardens, and ease of data collection. A total of 50 homestead garden households were selected randomly and interviewed through a pretested survey questionnaire over the period of December 2016 to February 2017. Before beginning the interview, each respondent was given a brief description about the aim and objectives of the study. The questions were asked in a systematic and simple manner with friendly environment as well as with proper explanations where necessary. The information supplied by the respondent was recorded directly on the interview schedule. In order to minimize error, data were collected in local units. These were consequently converted into appropriate standard international units. MS Excel software was used for data entry, coding, as well as descriptive analysis.

Analytical Techniques: Microsoft Excel and statistical analytical package SPSS are used to process all collected information. To accomplish the first objective mentioned in the introduction, that is, measuring profitability of each of the homestead enterprises fruits and vegetables, and rearing livestock, financial profitability is derived in terms of gross return, gross margin, and net return of different enterprises. Gross returns for crops, fish culture, and homestead enterprises are calculated by multiplying the total volume of output of an enterprise by the average price in the harvesting period. The following equation is used to estimate gross margin (GR).

Source of Information: Journal of Science and Technology 17 (June 2019): 45-58

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study is mainly focusing on examining the participation of rural women in homestead activities and its impact on family income. Mainly the present research emphasizes to determine profitability from different enterprise of households and its impact on total income to the respondents. A primary survey was conducted in RangpurSadarupazilla through a pretested questionnaire following a stratified random sampling procedure. A total of 50 samples were interviewed face-to-face covering the period of December 2016 to February 2017. It is evident that homestead garden farmers were benefited because they earned money particularly from homestead activities. This will bring great change in their life style and overall situation of their family. The factors that are included in the log-log regression model have great importance on the women contribution to household income. In the study area wage rate of women was comparatively lower than the man. Participation of women in decision making process is increasing day by day. Perception index shows in the study area decision about homestead activities are mostly done by women. They also have taken other family decision like daily expenditure, buying and selling of valuable things, decision about children’s education, family health care and treatment decision, decision about marriage of children are taken by them. Homestead farming is found profitable considering different cost items. If the modern inputs, sufficient credit and other facilities involved in homestead activities can be available to the participants in time, production of these enterprises may increase which can help them in alleviating poverty. Homestead gardening system increased total family incomes of rural poor. Thus, the study recommended that homestead gardening system should be encouraged specially for small land holding farmers. It also provides an opportunity of employment for a large number of labors specially for the women in Bangladesh. Livelihood and standard of living of respondent in homestead-based vegetable production increases by practicing homestead activities.

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