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An Agronomic and Profitability Study on Rice Production: a Case of Jalgaon Village of Comilla District, Bangladesh

Rozina Yeasmin Lucky
Corresponding author
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Jahangir Kabir
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Golam Rabbani
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abu Bakr Siddique
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Emran Hossain
Department of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The performance of rice crops in farmers’ fields is largely lower than varietal potential. Besides, profitability is an important aspect of production decisions for the semi-subsistence farming system in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate crops management practice and performance of rice in different seasons. Farmers’ group discussion with key informant farmers was conducted for collecting and validating the data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Adoption of modern rice varieties was high in the village. Rice is planted delay in all the seasons because of three crops (rice-rice-rice) rice-based cropping patterns in the village. Farmers mainly relied on household seeds (owned stored and purchase from neighboring farmers) in Aus and Aman seasons while the dealer-supplied seed is the prime seed source in Boro season. The seed rates were largely higher than recommendation rates. Farmers’ fertilizers management is highly inconsistent with recommendation practice. Both manual and chemical methods are used for controlling weeds. The chemical method is mainly practiced for controlling insects and diseases of crops. Paddle and power thresher is used for threshing rice. Boro rice gave a higher yield (4.94 t/ha) followed by T. Aman (3.29 t/ha) and Aus (3.09 t/ha) due to better cropping environment, good management practices, higher inputs and usages of better genotypes. The performance of rice in the three seasons showed large yield gap. T. Aman gave higher gross margin (BDT 22,015/ha) followed by Boro (BDT 16,468/ha) and Aus (BDT 9,414/ha) because of higher price and lower production cost. Participation of women in the intercultural operations of crops and their role sin decision making about farming was a few. Nevertheless, they intensively participate in post-harvest processing of crops and other household activates and decisions. In short, despite a large yield gap, rice production is profitable in the three seasons at survey year’s price. The poorer access to extension service, good quality seed, phosphorous fertilizers, pesticides and power supply were identified as barrier to achieve potential performance of rice cultivars and expected level of returns. Thus, policy supports for increasing access to extension supports and quality inputs may reduce yield gap and enhance productivity and profitability of rice crops largely.

Keywords: Agronomic, Profitability, Rice Production, Bangladesh

Location: The Jalgaon village of Comilla District, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2011

End Date: 00-01-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The specific objectives of the study were as follows: 1. Delineate cropping systems, status of varietal adoptions, farmers’ crops management practice and level of access to extension services; 2. Assess the profitability of rice grown in the different seasons; and 3. Evaluate the roles of women in farming and another decision-making process.

Methodology:

The Jalgaon village of Comilla District was purposively selected for this study based on agronomic suitability of growing rice round the year in the village. Farm-level data for this study was collected through a reconnaissance survey sin December - January 2011/2012. A team that included agronomists, socio-economist and field level extension personnel visited the village. The objective of the study was clearly explained to farmers for developing rapport with the villages to generate reliable data. Before, commencing farmers’ group discussion (FGD) a transacted walk was carried out to observe the farming systems, cropping systems and other livelihood activities in the village. Thereafter, key informant farmers were identified with the help of farmers and field-level extension personnel. Data was collected through FGD with 15 key informants farmers including large, medium and small was conducted considering crop season 2011-2012. Data related to farmers' perception about land topography, rice variety adoption, cropping pattern, crops management, irrigation system, agricultural mechanization, input use patterns and yields, prices of inputs and outputs were collected. Male respondents were asked about role of women in household and agricultural activities and the participation of women in the decision-making process. The collected data were cleaned before entering into the computer. The developed farm budget and other data were validated by the key informant farmers after preliminary analysis in January 2012. Descriptive statistics was used for analyzing the data and tabular and graphical technique was used for presenting the outcome as mean and percentage. Gross returns (GR) is the total market value of the main and by-products of each enterprise. The gross return is calculated by multiplying the total volume of production of an enterprise by the average farm gate price of that product and by-product at the harvesting period. The total variable cost of a product was the monetary value of all inputs used for producing that product. In other words, it was estimated by combining all market values of inputs and services used to produce that product. The Sum of actual paid-out cost of purchase inputs (seed, fertilizers, pesticides, hired labor, irrigation and thresher) and imputed cost of family-supplied inputs (seeds, manure and family-supplied inputs) are the total variable cost. Per hectare, gross returns is the sum of the value of grain and straw at survey years’ market price. The gross margin (GM) of rice was calculated by deducting the total variable costs from gross benefit (GB) for each enterprise

Source of Information: International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2018; 3(1): 14-22; ISSN: 2575-3851 (Print); ISSN: 2575-3843 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20180301.13

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rice-rice-rice is the dominant cropping pattern in the village. Farmers’ practice of rice farming is highly inconsistent with recommendation practice in terms of time of establishing crops, seeds and fertilizers rates and pesticides. Farmers used higher seeds because of lower germination rates of household seeds (owned stored and purchase from neighboring farmers). However, apply lower doses of fertilizers due to lack of knowledge and money. Boro rice gave higher yield (4.94 t/ha) followed by T. Aman (3.29 t/ha) and Aus (3.09 t/ha) because of better management and genotypes. However, T. Aman gave higher gross margin (BDT 22,015/ha) followed by Boro (BDT 16,468/ha) and Aus (BDT 9,414/ha) rice because of good price and low production cost. Women intensively participate in post-harvest processing of crops and other household activates as well as households decision other than farming. In short, rice production is profitable in the three seasons at the survey year’s price. However, poorer access to extension service, good quality seed, phosphorous fertilizers, pesticides and power supply during Boro season were identified as barriers to achieve the potential performance of rice cultivars and expected level of returns. It can be noted that increased access to extension services (e.g., training, demonstration, farmers' field day and farmers' field visit by field staff) and ensured access to quality seeds, fertilizers and price of rice may enhance farm-level productivity and profitability of rice production.

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