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Study on Cutting Intervals on Biomass Yield, Nutritive Value and Their Oxalate Content of Different High Yielding Napier (p. Purpureum) Cultivars

Ruhul Amin
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Nathu Ram Sarker
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Md.Yousuf Ali
Corresponding author:
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Regional Station, Shahjadpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh

Md. Abul Hashem
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Mahfuza Khatun
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aim of the experiment was to determine the biomass yield, morphological characteristics and nutritive value of different high yielding Napier cultivars according their cutting intervals. This study mainly discussed about four Napier cultivars named BLRI-Napier-4, Wruk-Wona, Napier-Hybrid (Japan) and MarkEron. The cutting interval was 45 days. The result showed significant difference (p<0.05) in 3rd cutting into these three cutting in case for biomass yield, number of hill, number of tiller and plant height. The stem and leaf ratio was higher in 2nd cutting in BLRI-Napier-4. For botanical fraction, leaf contained more dry matter than stem. Crude protein was higher in leaf portion for different Napier cultivars. As considering the cutting interval, the 3rd cutting contained higher dry matter compared to other cut. MarkEron cultivar showed more significant difference (p<0.001) for Ash and CP content into its three cutting. High level of oxalate found in BLRI-Napier-4. Considering biomass yield, BLRI-N-Hybrid was the higher value. Crude protein was higher in MarkEron cultivar.

Keywords: Biomass, BLRI-Napier-4, Wruk-Wona, Napier-Hybrid (Japan), MarkEron

Location: The Pachutia Research Station, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 15-03-2013

End Date: 06-07-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Biological weed management, Nutrition

Objectives:

The following objectives- a) To determine the biomass yield & nutritive value of different high yielding Napier cultivars. b) To determine the oxalate content of Napier cultivars. c) To evaluate the variation of nutrient content according to their cutting interval and their botanical fraction.

Methodology:

Site of the experiment: The experiment was conducted at the Pachutia Research Station, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka from 15 March to 6 July, 2013. The chemical analyses of Napier cultivars samples were done in the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of BLRI. Cultivation procedure of Napier cultivars: An agronomic trial was conducted with five Napier (Pennisetum purpureum var.) cultivars including one check (BLRI Napier- hybrid) collected from Japan and BLRI-Napier-4 at the red soil Madhupur tract of Savar with objectives to investigate the biomass yield, morphological characteristics, botanical fractions and nutritive value. The selected Napier cultivars were grown under identical conditions having plot size of 5 x 5 sq.m with 4 replications in each cultivar. Therefore, a total of 20 plots were made for this agronomical trial and each cultivar was placed in four plots at random. All the agronomical practices were step by step as per recommended practices developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. During land preparation, fermented cow dung was applied @ of 35 kg/decimal. The cuttings were transplanted at 70 cm distance from line to line and 35 cm distance in row to row. Weeding and irrigation were done when necessary. During land preparation fertilizer only Phosphate (TSP) and MP were applied @ 150 and 125 kg/ha. Urea at the rate of 50 kg was applied 20-30 days after transplanting followed by 50 kg urea was applied after 10-12 days of each cutting. Green fodder from each plot was harvested manually after 45 days of transplantation approximately 5-6 cm above ground. The biomass yield was determined in each plot and converted the yield in tons/ha. The representative samples from taken, chopped approximately 2-3 cm length and send to the lab for nutritive evaluation. Biomass yield of five Napier cultivars was measured by weighing the mass. Height and number of hill (thousand/ha) and tiller number per hill was counted. 1-kg fodders from each cultivar were fractionated manually into three fractions namely leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem (DM basis). Measurements of DM yields were taken from whole plots. Morphological characteristics were determined by measuring the plant height and leaf characteristics from representative tillers. Chemical analysis: The chemical analysis of the sample was done by the following methods described by AOAC (1995). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) was estimated by using the methods of Goering and Van Soest. The kjeldahl method was used for determining the nitrogen (N) content of the sample and the crude protein content was estimated as N×6.25. The ME (MJ kg-1 DM) was estimated according the Ketelaars and Tolkamp (1992) as follows: DOMD (%) = 75.73-(0.269 × ADF%); ME (MJ kg-1 DM) = DOMD (%) x 0.15. 2.4. Oxalate determination: The oxalate contents of four Napier cultivars were analyzed by titration method. Two grams of dried and ground representative samples were taken into a 250 ml volumetric flask and mixed with 10 ml 6N HCl and 190 ml distilled water, and the content was heated for one hour on a boiling water bath. The digested sample was cooled at room temperature and distilled water was added to make 250 ml. The sample was mixed, allowed to settle and filtered in a conical flask. Fifty milliliters of the filtrate and 20 ml 6N HCl were mixed in another 250 ml volumetric flask and evaporated to half of its volume on a hot water bath. The mixture was filtered in a beaker and the volume was made to 125 ml by washing the precipitate several times with warm distilled water, 3 to 4 drops of methyl red indicator was added in the filtrate in the beaker, and ammonium hydroxide was mixed gradually until the color of the content becomes faint yellow. The content in the beaker was heated to just Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1) 102 boiling, cooled and filtered for removing the precipitate containing ferrous compounds. The filtrate was boiled, 10 ml of calcium chloride solution was added while continuously stirred with a glass rod having a rounded tip, and kept overnight undisturbed beneath a bell jar. Glass road was left in the beaker. In the following day, it was filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 41 and the precipitate was made free of calcium ions after washing several times with hot distilled water (70^oC). The washed precipitate on filter paper was transferred back to the original beaker by washing with hot distilled water (70oC), diluted sulfuric acid (1:4) was added with the help of a graduated pipette, and the content was stirred with a glass rod to dissolve the precipitate completely. The filter paper was put back on the funnel. The content in the beaker was heated (70 to 80oC) and titrated against 0.05N KMnO4 solution while hot indicating the endpoint by a faint pink color. The calculation of oxalate content was done by the following formula. Oxalate in sample (% sample DM) = 0.5625V %, V = Volume of KMnO4 used (ml), 1ml 0.05N KMnO4 = 0.00225g oxalate. Statistical Analysis: An analysis of variance was done to determine the varietals differences. Collected data were analyzed statistically by using Compare Means (CM) procedure of one-Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA): Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons of SPSS 11.5 for windows (SPSS Inc. 2002) following the method of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).

Source of Information: Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (1), 100-107; ISSN 2414-1283 (Print) 2414-6293 (Online)

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Achievement/Findings:

From the findings of this study following conclusions may be drawn, in case of Biomass Yield, the order was BLRI N.hybrid > BLRI-Napier-4 >MERKERON > WRUK-WONA > Napier–Japan. The number of tillers per hill was higher in Wruk-Wona and lower in Napier-Japan. DM content was higher in BLRI-Napier-Hybrid and lower in Napier-Japan. CP yield was higher in Merk-Eron and lower in BLRI-Napier-Hybrid. Stem and Leaf ratio was higher in 2nd cutting than compare to 1st and 3rd cutting. BLRI-Napier-4 was the tallest plant in case of height. Leaf contained the highest Dry Matter and Crude Protein compare to other botanical fraction that was similar to another study. Into the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cut, third cutting contained more Dry Matter than compare to 2nd & 3 rd cut. Oxalate content was more in BLRI-Napier-4 compare to other cultivars.

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