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Nutritional Status of Family Poultry in Bangladesh

Q M E Huque Bangladesh
Banlgadesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The concentrations of major nutrients were determined in crop and gizzard contents of family poultry in different localities and seasons in Bangladesh. In all locations, crude protein content was higher in summer, in comparison with the two other seasons, but was lower than recommended standards. In all locations the crude fibre content was found to be about double the theoretical minimum standard. The calcium (Ca) content of the feed in the different locations was found to be close to the standard requirement for laying hens. However, phosphorus (P) was deficient implying that there was an imbalanced Ca/P ratio in the feed. The most common feed items found in the crop and gizzard were whole rice grain, boiled rice and vegetable materials.

Keywords: Scavenging poultry, Crop contents, Nutrient requirements

Location: Savar Thana of Dhaka district, Sadar Thana of Sylhet district, Birgonj Thana of Dinajpur district, Hathazari Thana of Chittagong district and Botyaghata Thana of Khulna district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Pigeon, Nutrition

Objectives:

To determine the levels of the major nutrients present in the feed taken from the crop and gizzard of laying hens managed in a scavenging system.

Methodology:

On the basis of the country's topography and ecology, five locations were selected from different ecological zones (plane, low, high, hilly and saline land) and areas. The areas were Savar Thana of Dhaka district, Sadar Thana of Sylhet district, Birgonj Thana of Dinajpur district, Hathazari Thana of Chittagong district and Botyaghata Thana of Khulna district. To determine the nutritional status of laying hens under scavenging conditions, an oesophageal crop study was conducted in three seasons (October-January, February-May and June-September that were considered as winter, summer and rainy season, respectively). The numbers of laying hens sacrificed were 107, 98, 100, 95 and 100 at Savar, Sadar, Birgonj, Hathazari and Botyaghata Thanas, respectively. The birds were collected directly from farm households during the scavenging period at 9:30, 11:30, 13:30 and 15:30 hours. They were weighed and sacrificed on the spot by bleeding at the cervical region. The sacrificed birds were carried to the Thana (lowest administrative unit) veterinary hospital/laboratory. The internal organs were opened and the feed in the crop and gizzard was weighed and the feed items identified through eye observation and kept in the deep freezer. After freezing, the feed samples were brought to the laboratory of the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. The feed samples were ground and mixed prior to analysis proximate components according to AOAC (1960). The ground samples were weighed and digested with an acid mixture (two parts by weight H₂SO₄: one part HCIO₄) for determination of calcium and phosphorus. When digestion was complete the content was transferred to a 50 ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark using de-ionised water. The phosphorus in the digest was determined by adding ammonium molybdate and ammonium vanadate (Burtons solution) and measuring the colour with a spectrophotometer at 440 µ (Chapman and Pratt 1961). Calcium was determined directly in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

The data were analyzed using General Linear Model Procedure of the SAS Programme (SAS/STAT User's Guide, 1988). The test of significance was made according to Kramar (1956).

Source of Information: Livestock Research for Rural Development 11 (3) 1999

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results, it may be concluded that the nutrients obtained by hens from scavenging around the homestead in a range of locations in Bangladesh were not enough (protein), or were too high (fibre), or were imbalanced (calcium and phosphorus) when considered in the light of known nutrient needs for high egg production. There were differences among seasons with summer being most favorable, and the rainy season least favorable, in terms of nutrient availability. Protein appeared to be the most limiting of the nutrients.

Knowledge Management: Journal