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Evaluation of Marigoldflower and Orange Skin as Sources of Xanthophyll Pigment for the Improvement of Egg Yolk Color

Sachchidananda D. Chowdhury
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, BangladeshO cers Training Institute, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka , Bangladesh

Begum M. Hassin
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Shubash C. Das
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

Md. H. Rashid
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abu J.M. Ferdaus
Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Khamarbari Sarak, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The efficacy of ground marigold flower and orange skin was evaluated for egg yolk coloration. Two feeding trials were conducted. The first trial was carried out with laying pullets (Shaver 579) that received, g marigold flower and g orange skin per kg of mixed feed in three dietary treatments. Each of the treatments comprised of birds distributed to three replicate groups each of seven. The second trial was conducted with laying pullets of the same genetic source that received, g marigold flower, g orange skin and mg synthetic pigment in four dietary treatments each having number of birds and replicates similar to trial. All birds received identical care and management including diets of more or less similar in composition. Yolk color scores were measured using Roche yolk color fan and other egg quality characteristics and production performance were recorded simultaneously. The noteworthy findings are i) egg yolk color significantly improved and reached to a level of consumers’ standard by feeding g/kg marigold flower and ii) egg yolk color was slightly improved by feeding g/kg orange skin as compared to the wheat-based control diet. It was concluded that yolk color in laying pullets may be improved by feeding both orange skin or marigold flower but the latter ingredient appeared to be most effective.

Keywords: Marigold flower, Orange skin, Yolk color, Egg quality, Laying performance

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry, Egg

Objectives:

The objectives: to determine xanthophylls and some other chemical constituents of marigold and orange skin and to assess their efficacy in egg yolk coloration as being natural sources of xanthophylls.

Methodology:

Marigold flowers and orange skin were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh and local markets around the BAU, Bangladesh. They were air-dried, ground and subsequently stored separately in plastic bags until used for feed formulation. The test ingredients (marigold flower and orange skin) and other feed ingredients used for feed formulation were subjected to chemical analysis for the determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and ash by following standard methods as suggested by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000). Starch and sugar contents of marigold flower and orange skin were determined by the methods of Raghuramula et. al (1983) whereas calcium and phosphorus contents of these ingredients were determined by the method suggested by Page et. al. (1982) Xanthophylls content in marigold flower and orange skin were analyzed by the method suggested by Quackenbush (1970). An experimental room was divided into nine separate small pens of equal size ( . . meter). Bamboo materials and wire net were used for the separation of pens from each other. Fresh sawdust at a depth of . cm was spread on the floor as litter material. Sixty-three Shaver pullets, -week old, were considered from the same hatch and randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups each of pullets. Each treatment had three replications each of seven birds. The initial bodyweight of the birds was adjusted in all treatments to minimize the variation among the groups. The control diet was a wheat-based diet formulated with locally available feed ingredients that contained no xanthophyll. The other two diets were prepared by adding either g ground marigold flower or g ground orange skin per kg of mixed feed. All diets were supplemented with additional vitamin-mineral and amino acid premix at the rate of. g/kg of mixed feed. Records for the yolk color score and other quality characteristics were kept during the experimental period. Productive characteristics of layers were also noted. Necessary calculations for variables were done where required. In trial 1, ANOVA was performed in accordance with Completely Randomized Design (Steel and Torrie, 1980). In trial 2, two-way ANOVA was performed with two main factors (treatments X time (weeks)) using MSTAT statistical package to observe the effect of the length of supplementation on egg yolk coloration. Finally, the Least Significant Differences (LSD) were calculated to compare treatment means.

Source of Information: The Journal of Poultry Science, 45: 265-272, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jpsa

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

All birds received identical care and management including diets of more or less similar in composition. Yolk color scores were measured using Roche yolk color fan and other egg quality characteristics and production performance were recorded simultaneously. The noteworthy findings are i) egg yolk color significantly improved and reached to a level of consumers’ standard by feeding g/kg marigold flower and ii) egg yolk color was slightly improved by feeding g/kg orange skin as compared to the wheat-based control diet. It was concluded that yolk color in laying pullets may be improved by feeding both orange skin or marigold flower but the latter ingredient appeared to be most effective.

Knowledge Management: Journal