Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Relationship Between Smoking and Antioxidant Nutrient Status

MD OMAR FARUQUE
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

MOUDUDUR RAHMAN KHAN
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

MD MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

FARUK AHMED*
Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between smoking and antioxidant nutrient intake and status. Smoker (n 44) and non-smoker (n 44) male students attending Dhaka University, aged between 22 and 28 years and Living in a University Hall of Residence, were selected for the present study. Mean age, body weight, BMI and blood pressure were similar for both the smokers and non-smokers. Mean energy, protein and fat intakes were similar for both groups. Smokers had lower intakes of dietary vitamin C, carotenes and Zn but only the difference in Zn intake was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers for either serum vitamin A (retinol) or vitamin E (a-tocopherol) level. The plasma vitamin C level of smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (P = 0.0004). Smokers had significantly lower serum Cu (P = 0.04) and higher serum Zn levels (P = 0.003). Further, a significant do,sc+response relationship between smoking and vitamin C status was observed. Linear-regression analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between dietary intake and plasma vitamin C values in non-smokers (r 0.50; P = 0.0005). On the contrary, no such association was observed in smokers. These findings suggest that smoking may cause an imbalance in antioxidant nutrient intake and status.

Keywords: Smoking: Antioxidants: Vitamin C: Vitamin A: Vitamin E

Location: Dhaka University male students' Hall of Residence, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Non-commodity: Comparison

Objectives:

The present study was designed to examine the relationship between smoking and dietary pattern in this different situation and also to investigate nutrient intake and status of the smokers.

Methodology:

The subjects were selected by an advertisement at a Dhaka University male students' Hall of Residence. The volunteers who smoked six or more cigarettes per d were considered smokers, and volunteers who never smoked were controls. Volunteers who took medication and multivitamin supplementation, or suffered from any chronic disease, were excluded from the study. All the smokers and the first forty-four of the non-smokers who met the selection criteria were included in the study. The subjects were residents of the Hall and aged between 22 and 28 years. Equal numbers of smokers and non-smokers were asked to report on a prearranged day. Body weight, height and general health information including blood pressure were recorded. Dietary information provided by the subjects was recorded using a 7 d food-frequency and amount questionnaire. Nutrient intakes were calculated using standard portion sizes (weights of portion sizes were taken from the canteen or mess of the Hall of Residence) and food-value tables (Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, 1992). Venous blood (5 ml) was withdrawn from the subject's arm. A 2-0 ml portion was taken in a heparinized test-tube and centrifuged immediately for collection of plasma. An appropriate portion of the plasma was immediately mixed with trichloroacetic acid solution (50 g/l) for estimation of vitamin C. Following centrifugation, the supernatant fraction was separated and assayed on the same day. The rest of the blood sample was taken in an acid-washed glass centrifuge-tube and it was allowed to clot at room temperature for approximately 2 h. After centrifugation, serum samples were frozen and stored at - 20" until further analysis. For Zn and Cu analyses, serum samples were stored at -20" in separate ion-free vials.

The total serum protein and cholesterol were determined by Biuret and enzymiccolorimetric (cholesterol oxidase (EC 1 . 1 .3.6kperoxidase (EC 1 .I 1 . 1 .7)-aminophenazone) methods respectively using commercial kits (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostic, Germany). Serum Zn and Cu concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Pye-Unicam SP9) according to Milner & Whiteside (198 1). Plasma vitamin C was measured by the dinitrophenylhydrazine method according to Lowry et ul. (1945). The CV was determined using ten replicates from a pooled sample and the value was 4.0 YO. Recovery of added vitamin C was 903 %. Serum retinol (vitamin A) and serum a-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were determined simultaneously by HPLC according to Bieri et al. (1979). In brief, serum vitamins A and E were extracted with hexane after deproteinization with absolute ethanol containing retinyl acetate and a-tocopherol acetate (Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, MO, USA) as internal standards for vitamins A and E respectively. Retinol and a-tocopherol were separated by HPLC (model PU 4010; we-Unicam) on a reversed-phase C, column (Spherisorb 5 pm octadecylsilyl, Pye-Unicam) using methanol-water (97.5 : 2.5, v/v) as the mobile phase. Elution was detected spectrophotometrically (model PU 4020 ; Pye-Unicam) and ABBInm was recorded on a single-pen recorder (model PM 8251; Pye-Unicam). CV values of ten replicates from a pooled serum sample for retinol and a-tocopherol were 2.3 and 3.3 YO respectively.

The normality of the distributions of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. Differences between smokers and non-smokers for dietary pattern were assessed using the unpaired t test. One-way analysis of variance was used to assess nutrient intake and status. Linear-regression analysis was performed to assess the association between vitamin C intake and plasma levels by smoking groups. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (1990).

Source of Information: British Journal of Nutrition (1995), 73, 625-632

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study shows a depressed antioxidant nutrient status of the smokers which may be due to both their aberrant dietary habit and the increased demand placed on the antioxidants by cigarette smoke itself. The increased free-radical load incurred by smoking and lower intake of antioxidant nutrients may shift the normal free-radical-antioxidant balance in the body with initiation of a deterioration process and, thereby, increase the risk of atherosclerotic and other diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal