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Survival and Infectivity of Meloidogyne Javanica Juvenile Under Extreme Condition

Sheikh Sonia Aurmy
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh.

Md. Rasal-Monir*
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sourav Modak
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sumya Fatima
Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Rubel Mahmud
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh.

Shah Md. Asraful Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A experiment was carried out to estimate survival, hatching and infectivity of Meloidogyne javanica juvenile at extreme condition. The effect of different temperature regimes (4, 25 and 35°C) up to 4 weeks and desiccated condition of J2 (juveniles) up to 60 minutes on the hatching of eggs, survival and infectivity of eggs and J2 were examined by a series of experiment. Results showed that temperature was the most important factor for nematode survival. Highest temperature (35°C) dramatically altered the parameters of interest. At very low (4°C) and high (35°C) temperature more than 70% of eggs were survived and hatched within the 1st week in water followed by gradually decreased with the increasing of exposure time. At very low temperature a better number of eggs were hatched even after 4th weeks (48.54%) compare to high temperature (5.36%). At 25°C, more than 80% eggs were hatched up to 2 weeks then gradually decline up to 4 weeks. In desiccation experiment, survival of J2 was found higher at 25°C up to 60 minutes. On the other hand very low survival was observed at 35°C after 60 minutes exposure of J2. At 4°C some juveniles can survive but a bit higher survival rate was observed than 35°C temperature up to 60 minutes. When the treated J2 were infected in brinjal plant, the highest gall (28 galls/plant) was recorded at 25°C. The lowest gall (2 galls/plant) was formed from 4°C treated juveniles. So, treated with higher temperature (35°C), most of the juvenile were paralyzed and did not penetrate into the root tissue. At 4°C the J2 can go for dormant condition and when favors, infection occurred in root tissue.

Keywords: Meloidogyne, Juvanica, Juvenile

Location: Plant Disease Clinic (PDC) and Plant Pathology Laboratory under the Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-12-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases and insects

Objectives:

Present investigation is innovative approaches to evaluate the survival of Meloidogyne javanica eggs and juvenile under extreme conditions (35^oC and 4^oC) temperature in gelatinous matrix and to investigate the infectivity of the J2 for survival in the brinjal plant.

Methodology:

Experimental site and experimental period The present investigation was carried out during July 2017 to December 2017 in the Plant Disease Clinic (PDC) and Plant Pathology Laboratory under the Department of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali Environment of experiments Experimental plants were kept in the house where the temperature was 30 ± 2^o C during the “day” and 23 ± 2^o C during “night” with an average temperature of 28± 2^oC. Pot Experiment Brinjal cv Singnath was used for the experiment. It is an important, popular, cheap and common vegetable in Bangladesh. Collection of seeds Healthy, mature and disease free seeds of singnath variety were collected from the local market of Dumki upazilla of Patuakhali district. Soil collection and sterilization Required soil sand and decomposed cow dung were collected from Field laboratory of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Dumki, Patuakhali. Then soil (sand 80%, loam 10%, clay 10%) and cow dung were mixed properly. The mixture was autoclaved at 121ºC for 15 minutes at 15 PSI. The sterilized soil was allowed to room temperature followed by filled in the plastic trays for raising seedlings.

Raising of seedlings Plastic trays were filled with sterilized and fertile soil. Seeds of brinjal were soaked in sterile water for better germination. Then the seeds were sown in the plastic tray. The trays were covered with polyethylene sheet and kept in sunlight for raising seedlings. Seedlings were observed regularly and watering was done as per necessity up to transplanting in poly bag. Preparations of pots Plastic pots of 1500 cm³ were cleaned, washed, dried up properly and sterilized with 70% ethanol properly. Sterilized and fertile soil was filled in required amount into each pot. Each pot contains 1.5 kg soil. Then the pots were arranged according to experimental design. Inoculation of Meloidogyne javanica J2 of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) was collected from severely galled roots of brinjal. Juveniles (J2) were extracted through Baerman funnel technique. The number of eggs per egg mass was counted. Each plant was inoculated with 1000 J2 next day of transplanting, by using micropipette making three holes surrounding the transplanted seedlings.

Nematode culture One root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) cultures was maintained on susceptible brinjal plants (cv. Singnath) under controlled conditions at PLP field laboratory, PSTU. Plastic pots (17 cm diam) were filled with sterilized soil (87% sand, loam 9% and clay 4%). Then a single brinjal seedling (4-leaf stage) was transplanted to each pot. Each pot was inoculated by approximately 2000 freshly hatched J2 of each species. The initial inoculum was collected from pre stock culture of PDC lab PSTU. Collection of egg masses Egg masses were collected from 12-15 week old brinjal plants. The brinjal roots were washed with water to remove the adhering soil. Then small pieces of root (about 5 mm in length) cut containing eggs with gelatinous matrix for hatching tests. Egg masses were obtained by agitating root pieces (1.0- 2.0 cm long) rinsing with tap water over 60 and 30 micro meter sieve. The egg masses were transferred into a 250 ml beaker to get egg suspension.

Infectivity test The relative infectivity of J2 that hatched immediately under extreme conditions (Desiccation and extreme temperature) from both conditions of eggs determined by infecting egg plants. Brinjal plants were grown in sterilized soil (87% sand, loam 9% and clay 4%) in plastic pots (dia 7 cm and 10 cm deep). Five holes were made in their bases to inoculate J2 (about 250) to infect the plant and check the penetration after one week with fuchsin acid staining. Data analysis All data collected on different parameters were analyzed following statistical method using SPSS. Hatching percentage and infectivity test will be calculated for all replication of treatment by ANOVA. Mean comparison can be done by Tukey test.

Source of Information: International Journal of Applied Research 5,:135-140 Online release 07 Aug 2019

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the survival, hatching and infectivity of second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica under 3 different temperatures (4, 25 and 35°C). High and low temperature gave better response in suppressing the development of egg masses and juveniles (J2). The study showed that more than 70% of the juveniles remarkably survived when subjected to 4°C in the 1st week while more than 60% survived up to the 2nd week after hatching while more than 80% of M. javanica survived at 25°Ctill 2nd weeks but the survival rate was decreased at 3rd and 4th weeks at the same temperature. On the other hand, high temperature (35°C) showed relatively high impact on the survival of the tested nematodes. So the experiment explored the possibility of using different temperature and desiccated condition to reduce infectivity and survival of root-not-nematode and this is eco-friendly management of root-knot of eggplant caused by Meloidogyne javanica.

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