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Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Some Vegetable Crops

Most. Arifunnahar*
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Md. Momraz Ali
Department of Agricultural Extension, Bagatipara, Natore-6410, Bangladesh

Rabiul Islam
Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Md. Amin Uddin Mridha
Department of Botany, Chittagong University, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

F. M. Aminuzzaman
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh with a view to studying the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of some vegetable crops. Root segment of Cassia tora along with rhizosphere soil was used as inocula. In inoculated pot, raw inocula were used and in control pot sterilized root and soil inocula were applied to ensure same nutritional condition. Different number of seeds was sown based on seed size of the selected vegetables. A positive growth response to AM was observed in all the selected vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Indian spinach (Basella alba L.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The seedling emergence, plant height, root length and shoot length of mycorrhiza inoculated vegetables were comparatively higher than that of un-inoculated control. Mycorrhizal root colonization differed among the crops ranging from 18.65 to 44.26%. The mycorrhizal inoculation suppressed root rot, damping off and leaf spot disease of spinach, Indian spinach, and water spinach. Mycorrhizal dependency was ranged from 18.57 to 36.36%. Increased nutrient (N, P, K, Fe, and Zn) uptake was recorded with the inoculated plants. Among the inoculated vegetables, comparatively higher N, P, and K uptake was observed in spinach and water spinach whereas Zn and Fe uptake was found higher in spinach, respectively. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi showed positive response in case of plant growth parameters and it could be used as a bio-fertilizer.

Keywords: VAM fungi, Vegetable, Growth, Nutrient uptake

Location: Seed health laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-05-2006

End Date: 00-12-2006

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungal Disease, Vegetables

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of AM fungus on growth, nutrient uptake and disease suppression and yield of some selected vegetables.

Methodology:

Study area: The experiment was conducted in the net house and in the seed health laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from May, 2006 to December, 2006.

Plant materials Different important available vegetable crops were selected for the experiment which grown in different areas of Bangladesh to assess their dependency to AM. The crops included in the experiment were as follows.

Experimental field and implementation of crop Cassia tora roots were used as inocula which were collected from Agronomy field along with rhizosphere soil. The presence of AM fungi within the root sample was confirmed using the staining procedure of Koske and Gemma (1979). Collected root samples were cut into small pieces by the help of chopper. Half of rhizosphere soils and root samples were sterilized in the autoclave at 121 ºC at 15 PSI for 15 minutes and used as base materials for control pots. The polythene bags (8" × 12", 2 kg) were perforated at the bottom portion by the perforator to remove excess water. Before preparation of substratum, soil was sterilized by formaldehyde (0.05%) and used it as base soil. Then base soil and cow dung were mixed properly with a ratio of 19:1. At first two-third portion of the seedling bags were filled with substratum. Then a layer of both inoculums i.e. root inoculum 25 g and soil inoculum 100 g were placed in each treated bag. Both 25 g roots and 100 g soil (rhizosphere) of sterilized inoculum were used in non-inoculated bags to maintain the same nutrient status between the inoculated and non-inoculated bags. The inoculum layer (both sterilized and non-sterilized) of each bag was covered with a thin soil (substratum) layer of 2 cm below the surface in which seeds were sown. Sixty polythene bags (3 × 2 × 10) were prepared for three crops in this study. For different crops different number of seeds was sown in the bags based on seed size. For spinach 20 seeds/bag, Indian spinach 10 seeds/bag and water spinach 10 seeds/bag were sown. After 15 days, 5 seedlings in each bag were retained and other seedlings were removed. To avoid the chance of contamination a space of 30 cm was maintained between the inoculated and non-inoculated replications.

Data collection Data were recorded on seedling emergence (%) (7 days after sowing, DAS, 10 DAS and 15 DAS), plant height (cm) (20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS), shoot fresh and dry weight (g) (40 DAS, 60 DAS), root fresh and dry weight (g) (40 DAS and 60 DAS), shoot and root length (cm) and disease incidence. Total nitrogen content in plants samples (shoot) were determined by micro Kjeldahl method (Bremner, 1965). Total phosphorus content in the extract was determined by Vanado-Molybdate Yellow colour methods as described by Jackson (1973). Total potassium content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Available other elements like Fe and Zn were determined following ASI method (Hunter, 1984). Nutrient uptake was calculated by using the following formula:

Nutrient uptake = (Nutrient content (%) x yield) / 100

Source of Information: International Journal of Applied Research Journal Vol 3(3) 2017, ISSN: 2411-6610

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results from the present study indicated that seedling emergence, plant height, root biomass, shoot biomass, incidence of disease, mycorrhizal dependency and nutrient status of different vegetables have been affected significantly by inoculation with VAM fungi. Thus the fungi offer an environmentally sound biological alternative to chemical fertilizer and pesticides for maintaining plant quality and productivity in agriculture in future.

Knowledge Management: Journal