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Pathological Investigation of Infectious Bursal Disease (ibd) in Sonali Chicken at Gaibandha District of Bangladesh

Md. Abdur Rouf
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Md. Shahadat Hossain*
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Jhenaidah Government Veterinary College, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh

Md. Mahabub Hasan
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Md. Raihan Nabi
Veterinary Surgeon, Raninagar, Naogaon, Bangladesh

Md. Muklesur Rahman
Veterinary Surgeon, District Veterinary Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S.M. Harun-ur- Rashid
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was designed to investigate prevalence and pathology of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) of Sonali chicken at different Upazila in Gaibandha Distict of Bangladesh in a short six month duration starting from Janury to June 2014. Eight sonali chicken farms with sum of 3230 birds of various age groups from four different upazila like Sadar, Palashbari, Suddulapur and Gobindogonj were suspected for Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). On the basis of detail about farm history, clinical signs and postmortem investigation of infected chicks, the prevalence of IBD was 10%, 10.95%, 7.89% and 12% in Sadar, Palashbari, Suddulapur and Gobindogonj upazila respectively with an overall prevalence 10.21% at Gaibandha district. The prevalence of IBD in sonali chickens was the highest (11.98%) at 4th week of age and the lowest (7.88%) at 6th week of age. No sonali chick was identified as positive for IBD in their first two weeks of age. The highest mortality was observed at Gobindogonj upazila (5%) and the lowest (3.80%) at Palashbari upazila with total mortality rate 4.19%. The necropsy findings of infected chicks revealed haemorrhages on thigh and brest muscles; enlarged, edematous, hyperemic and haemorrhagic Bursa of Fabricious followed by atrophy. In some cases kidneys were found swollen. Severe lymphoid depletion and reactive cells infiltration in the interfollicular space were found in histopathological studies by using H & E stain. Therefore, it was concluded that susceptibility of chicks to IBD is influenced by its age. Ruffled feather, depression, whitish diarrhoea with haemorrhagic muscles and inflammed, edematous, hyperemic Bursa of Fabricious is attributable to Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD).

Keywords: Diseases investigation, Infectious Bursal Disease, Sonali chicken

Location: Gaibandha district of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-06-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases, Chicken

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and mortality rate of diseases especially Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in sonali chicken encountered at Gaibandha district of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental birds In this study, a total of 3230 birds of various age groups from four different upazila (Sadar, Palashbari, Saddullapur and Gobindogonj) were suspected for the disease and considered as experimental birds. From these farms all dead, as well as live sick chickens, were collected with detailed particular of the outbreaks of IBD including farm location, history, age, breed, total number of birds and affected birds in farm, intervals between the batches, vaccine schedule, daily mortality and total mortality and clinical signs of affected birds were also recorded. In each case sampling was done following standard sampling methods and send to the laboratory. A different organ like liver, Bursa of Fabricious, breast and thigh muscle, kidney were collected during necropsy for further study. All the diagnostic works were carried under the Laboratory of the Department of Pathology & Parasitology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU). Clinical diagnosis and in some cases necropsy examinations were completed at the place of sampling and histopathology of all samples were done in the laboratory.

Diagnosis of diseases The diagnosis of the disease was based on history, clinical signs and gross lesions as well as histopathological alterations. Clinical examination of affected birds The general health status and age of the chickens were recorded. The chickens were observed for detection of clinical signs. The clinical signs were observed by visual examination. The clinical signs were recorded during the visit of the infected flocks and the farmer’s complaints about the affected birds were also considered. Necropsy findings of suspected birds The postmortem changes of all the cases were performed immediately after collection of the dead birds. At necropsy, gross changes were observed and recorded very carefully. The representative tissue samples containing lesions were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. During necropsy, different organs having gross lesions were collected, preserved at 10% buffered neutral formalin, processed, sectioned and stained for histopathological examination following a standard procedure (Luna, 1968).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

For the conformation of Infectious Bursal disease the pathological lesions of different parts of the body were examined mainly on Bursa of Fabricious and thigh muscle. During necropsy examination the most frequent gross lesions of IBD were haemorrhages in the breast muscle and thigh muscles. The main changes are swollen and haemorrhagic Bursa of Fabricious was found in primary stage. A cut surface of Bursa of Fabricius showing a haemorrhage. Haemorrhage in the internal wall of Bursa. In some cases kidneys were swollen. These gross lesions were supported by different investigators. Histopathological study In the present study, few lymphoid depletion in Foilicles of the Bursa of Fabricius and in most follicles severe lymphoid depletion were observed. Reactive cells infiltration by heterophils and macrophages in the interfollicular space.

Knowledge Management: Journal