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Effect of Arsenic on the Oogenesis of Black Bengal Goat (capra Hircus) Reared at the Arsenic Polluted Area of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

Jahagir Alam*
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

Md. Royhan Gofur
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Awal
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment and available to the human population though various sources including drinking water, food and air. Significant human exposure to arsenic occurs through both anthropogenic and natural sources. Arsenic has recently appeared as a major pollutant of drinking water in several districts of Bangladesh. This study was aimed to observe the effects of chronic arsenic toxicity on the ogenesis and histoarchitecture of female gonads of black Bengal goat. Adult she goats were collected from the arsenic-contaminated area and from the arsenic free area of the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Ovaries were used for observation of the effects of arsenic on the oogenesis. The histopathological observation was performed on the ovaries after Hematoxylin & Eosin staining techniques. One hundred rounded focuses on the histological slide were selected for the counting of the different stages of ovarian follicles. The mean number of the primordial, growing and mature follicles in control group was 20.040 ± 1.917, 18.930 ± 1.460 and 1.390 ± 0.061 and in arsenic affected group was 17.450 ± 1.701, 13.680 ± 1.911 and 0.750 ± 0.575 respectively. The mean diameter of the primordial, growing and mature follicles of control group were 40.390 ±1.290 µm, 59.21 ± 1.850 µm and 1092.99 ± 12.080 µm and in the arsenic affected group were 35.090 ± 1.650 µm, 52.280 ± 1.730 µm and 1285 ± 7.010 µm respectively. The mean thickness of the granolosa layer of the mature follicle of the control group goat was 57.440 ± 1.630 µm and in arsenic affected group was 73.450 ± 1.130 µm. Thickness of the theca layer of the mature follicle of the control group of goat was 75.230 ± 1.040 µm and in arsenic affected group was 75.240 ± 0.670 µm. Variations of all the parameters between arsenic affected and control group of goats were statistically significant (P<0.01) except the mean thickness of the theca layer of the mature follicle. These findings indicate that chronic arsenic exposure alters the oogenesis as well as histoarchitecute of female gonads in black Bengal goat and thereby may affect their reproductive performance.

Keywords: Effects, Arsenic, Poisoning, Oogenesis, Black Bengal Goat

Location: Ishwarganj upazilla of Mymensingh district and Nirlakha char area of Guripur Upazilla under Mymensingh district

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Arsenic, Goat

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to observe the effects of chronic arsenic on the oogenesis in the Black Bengal Goat (Capra hircus) reared at the arsenic prone area of the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental animals Ishwarganj upazilla was consider as most of the arsenic affected area of Mymensingh district and Nirlakha char area of Guripur Upazilla under Mymensingh district was considered as no arsenic contaminated area. A total of 12 adults female black Bengal goats were used to investigate the effect of arsenic on the oogenesis by using the light microscopy. Among of these 6 (six) adult female black Bengal goats were collected from the Ishwarganj Upzilla of the Mymensingh district for using as a target group. Another 6 (six) adult female were collected from the Nirlakha Char area of the Guripur Uzilla under Mymensingh district for using as a control group. The right ovaries were collected after the animals euthanized at the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Gross morphology of the ovaries was studied. Small pieces of the ovaries were preserved in the Bouin’s fluid for the histopathological examination. The specimens were kept at 4⁰C for overnight. After several washes with phosphate buffer solution the specimens dehydrated with graded series of ethanol and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were cut at 5 µm thickness and dried at 40⁰C overnight. They were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining teqniques for general histological studies. Total count of one hundred (N=100) focuses on slide was selected for counting different stages of ovarian follicles in this study. The diameter of the follicle was measured using calibrated microscope and data were tabulated and analyzed for drawing the effects of arsenic on the oogenesis in the black Bengal goat. The experiment was conducted at the Post-graduate Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. In the histological study, number of primordial, growing and mature follicles, diameter of the primordial follicle, growing follicle and mature follicles and finally thickness of the theca layer and granulosa layer of the mature follicles were determined with calibrated microscope to observe the effects of arsenic on oogenesis. Data collection The data was calculated as mean ± SD. Significance between groups (P<0.01) was determined by single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with fishers least significant difference test comparison using Stat View software (Abacus Concepts Inc. Berkeley, USA).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

Toxic effects of environmentally persistent arsenic on the oogenesis of black Bengal goats were observed. The mechanism of action of this compound on the ovarian tissues was not clearly understood. Further study is underway to elucidate the possible mechanism of action of this compound on the ovarian tissue in goats. Finally, it can be suggested here that black Bengal goats (Capra hircus) can be used as laboratory animal model to elucidate the toxic effects of arsenic on the female reproduction.

Knowledge Management: Journal