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Investigations on Antibiotics Residue and Their Effects on the Growth and Survival of Macrobrachium Rosenbergii

Alok Kumar Hazra
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Sumon Mia*
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Farida Yeasmin
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Debashis Kumar Mondal
Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater sub-station, Jessore, Bangladesh

Sadhan Chandra Sarker
Senior Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Noakhali Sadar, Noakhali, Bangladesh

Md. Kamal
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Studies were conducted on the use of antibiotics especially nitrofuran, chloramphenicol (CAP) and oxytetracycline (OTC) drugs in bagda/galda farms and hatchery and their effects on the growth performance of galda through well-structured questionnaires in Phultala upazila and Rampal upazila. Farmers used pharmaceuticals such as Aquamarine, Oxycentril in both commercially and locally prepared feed whereas few of them use growth hormone in feed. Studies were also done to know the withdrawal periods of AMOZ, AOZ and SEM in galda muscles after feeding of nitrofuran medicated diets for 15 days. On 15th day of feeding, galda samples were analyzed for AMOZ, AOZ and SEM and detected their concentrations at a level of 5.89, 15.98 and 0.44 ppb, respectively. However, accumulation of these metabolites in galda muscles reduced considerably after stopping medicated diets with time. The withdrawal period of AMOZ and AOZ in galda bodies was 10 days whereas in the case of SEM the withdrawal period was 20 days. On the other hand, the withdrawal period of CAP and OTC in galda muscle was 20 days and 5 days, respectively. Studies were also conducted on the effects of antibiotics (nitrofurazolidone, CAP and OTC) on the growth and survival of galda and changes in environmental conditions. The weight gain was higher in galda after feeding with antibiotics treated feed compared to those of control samples. The average initial protein content of the PLs (prawn larvae) was 18.21 % which increased to 20.33 % after 90 days of rearing in controlled ponds i.e. diets without using antibiotics. There was little or no marked differences in chemical composition among the galda reared in ponds either using medicated diets or without antibiotics medicated diets. Protein content of the galda muscles increased to in the range of 20.59 to 21.16 % after 90 days of rearing in ponds fed with medicated diets in different treatments. There are also little or no changes in physico-chemical parameters in pond water between controlled pond and antibiotics medicated ponds. Bacterial loads decreased greatly in ponds used antibiotics medicated feeds compared to control pond. The research suggested that to improve the culture and management practices of galda in Bangladesh it is necessary to investigate the generic names of all chemicals used in galda farms to have control over the use of chemicals and antibiotics on legal basis for food safety and sustainable healthy prawn industry.

Keywords: Antibiotic residue, Nitrofuran, Chloramphenicol, Oxytetracycline, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Growth

Location: Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-04-2009

End Date: 00-09-2009

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Aqua Drugs

Objectives:

The objectives of the present research was to collect information about the uses of chemicals and antibiotics in galda farms as well as to determine the withdrawal periods of some harmful and banned antibiotics found in bagda/galda. At the same time, determination of growth performance and survivability of galda in grow out pond after using antibiotic medicated feeds were also done for a period of 6 months from April, 2009 to September, 2009 in grow out ponds of Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Determination of antibiotic withdrawal period in galda Galda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were fed with antibiotic medicated diets for two weeks. After two weeks galda samples were collected at definite time interval to determine the residues and retention time. The catch statistics were maintained based on 9 sampling plan. Among all samples, 21 selected samples were analyzed in LC MS/MS machine of the Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) laboratory, Department of Fisheries (DoF) for detection of nitrofuran residues and chloramphenicol (CAP). On the other hand, 10 samples were analyzed for oxytetracycline (OTC) in LC MS/MS machine of the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) laboratory.

The experiment was performed in 10 ponds of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. All the ponds were more or less similar in size, depth, basin conformation, bottom-soil type and contour. The experimental ponds were numbered as pond-1 to pond-12 for the convenience of the study. Pond 1 and 5 were kept blank. Pond-9 was designated as control (Treatment-I) where feed without any antibiotic was given. Pond 2 and 3 were under treatment-II where feed containing 5g/kg nitrofurazolidone, was used for first two weeks and then continued feeding without using antibiotics for the remaining period. Pond 4 was under treatment-III where feed containing nitrofurazolidone (5g/kg) were applied throughout the study period; ponds 6 and 7 were under treatment-IV where feed containing 5g/kg OTC, was applied for the first two weeks and then continued feeding without using antibiotics until termination of the experiment; pond 8 was under treatment-V where feed containing same antibiotics were used throughout the study period. Ponds 10 and 11 were under treatment- VI where feed containing 12g/kg CAP, was applied for the first two weeks and then continued feeding without using antibiotics until termination period of the experiment. Pond 12 was under treatment-VII where the prawns were fed continuously with feed containing 12g/kg CAP throughout the study period. The ponds were different sizes varying from 32 to 46 sq. meters with depth 2.5 to 4 feet. The pond size was 43 sq. meters for treatment-I, 37 and 37 for treatment-II, 32 sq. meters for treatment-III, 37 and 39 for treatment-IV, 40 sq. meters for treatment-V, 38 and 41 for treatment-VI and 43 sq. meters for treatment-VII. The ponds were free from aquatic vegetation, well expose to sunlight and completely free from flooding. The embankment was well protected and covered with grass. Rain water and water from deep tube-well were the main sources of water in the experimental ponds during the study period.

Sample analysis Ten galda were sampled by using a seine net from each pond in predetermined time interval to assess their growth performance and health condition and for residual analysis of antibiotics. Collected samples were sent to Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC) Laboratory, Department of Fisheries (DoF), Dhaka for analysis of antibiotic residues. Total bacterial count of the galda was also determined and number of bacteria per gram of the sample (CFU/g) was calculated.

Statistical Analysis: The data obtained in the experiment were recorded and analyzed by using ANOVA. The mean values compared using Duncan's Multiple Ranged Test (DMRT) as post-hoc test using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science, version 11.5) statistical software (SPSS mc; Chicago. USA). Significant differences were determined among treatments at the 5 % level (P < 0.05).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present survey provided very useful information on the use of antibiotics especially nitrofuran, CAP and OTC drugs in galda/bagda farms and its detailed information about pharmaceuticals, growth promoter/hormone, poultry dropping/waste and chemicals used in hatchery and farm, during handling and transportation of galda in special regard to food safety in Phultala upazila of Khulna district and Rampal upazila of Bagerhat. Different types of commercial feeds were used in galda farms in Phultala and Rampal Upazila. However, food safety is an essential factor for evergrowing global prawn farming and processing industries. More research support is needed to improve the cultural and management practices of galda culture in Bangladesh which is a promising segment for the national economy. It is necessary to investigate the generic names of all chemicals used in galda and bagda farms to have control over the use of chemicals and antibiotics on legal basis as well as all the feeds used for galda, bagda and poultry should be analyzed for antibiotics in metabolites and parent forms for food safety. The knowledge about harmful effect of antibiotic on prawn growth and survival is discovered which will help to develop the management measures for healthy prawn industry through sustainable production and export of prawn.

Knowledge Management: Journal