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Clonal Propagation of Aegle Marmelos Through Iba Treatment for Sustainable Nutritional and Medicinal Supply for the Poor People of Agrarian Bangladesh

Md. Alamgir Kabir*
Department of Agroforestry, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

Rezaul Karim
Department of Agroforestry, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out at the Agriculture research field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) from March to October, 2017 to explore rooting performance of Aegle marmelos (Bael) through clonal propagation by stem cutting under 3 different doses of IBA (Indole Buetaric Acid) and planted in the perforated plastic tray filled with coarse sand and gravel placed in the non-mist propagator. The experiment was laid out following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications (blocks). The treatments were T0= control, T1 = 0.2% IBA, T2 = 0.4% IBA, T3 = 0.8% IBA. The rooting ability of cuttings was significantly influenced by the application of IBA. The highest rooting percentage (60%) was recorded in A. marmelos both with 0.2% and 0.4% IBA followed by 0.8% IBA (40%). Longest root (3 cm) was recorded with 0.4% IBA followed by 0.2% IBA (1.2 cm). The maximum root number (2.25) and root diameter (2 mm) obtained from cuttings treated with 0.8% IBA followed by 0.4% IBA (2 and 1.9 mm respectively). Survival percentage of the cutlings (the rooted cuttings) significantly enhanced by exogenous rooting hormone (IBA) application. The highest survival percentage (73.5%) was observed for the cuttings treated with 0.4% IBA followed by 0.8% IBA (68.5%). Findings of the present study reveal that the plant species is highly amenable for clonal propagation by stem cuttings using low-cost non-mist propagator. Considering rooting percentage, root number and and root length, 0.4% IBA treatment may be recommended for mass production of quality planting stocks. Farmers and nursery owners can be trained up regarding this low cost non-mist propagation system of Aegle marmelos for cultivation of the species in homestead agroforestry or in fruit orchards for sustainable nutritional and medicinal supply for the poor people of agrarian Bangladesh.

Keywords: Aegle marmelos; Non-mist propagator; Clonal propagation; IBA; Rooting ability; Steckling performance

Location: Agriculture research field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2017

End Date: 00-10-2017

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Fruit

Objectives:

The present study attempted to investigate the rooting ability of small leafy branch cuttings of bael in low-cost, non-mist propagator with or without rooting hormone (IBA) for artificial regeneration of the plants for sustainable nutritional and medicinal supply for the poor people of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

2.1. Study location, duration and climate The study was conducted during March, 2016 to May, 2017 at the Agriculture research field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh (lies between 21º48' and 22º36' north latitudes and between 90º08' and 90º41' east longitudes) which enjoys typical tropical climate characterized by hot humid summer and cool dry winter. The average temperature ranged between 14.3° to 27.4°C in winter and between 24.3° to 33.6°C during summer from 2010 to 2014. The average annual rainfall was 2657 mm and varied from 1877 mm to 3120 mm and rainfall usually takes place between June and September. The day length varies from 10 h 45 min in December to 13 h 25 min in June. Relative humidity is minimum (64%) in February and maximum (95%) in June to September.

2.2. Preparation of stem cuttings and setting up the experiment The study on vegetative propagation was carried out in a low cost non-mist propagator. The non-mist propagator was constructed following the design described by Leakey et al. (1990) modified by Kamaluddin (1996) and was covered with sheet of transparent polythene such that the base was completely watertight and the lid was also airtight. The polythene base of the propagator was covered with a 10 cm thick layer of moist coarse sand mixed with successive layers of fine gravels and small stones. This layer supported rooting media kept in perforated plastic trays. Juvenile shoots of A. marmelos were collected from 4-years old stock plants raised in the Germplasm Centre of PSTU to get quality propagules. Two-node stem cuttings were prepared keeping two leaves intact and one leaf was trimmed to 50% leaf area and then immersed briefly in a solution of fungicide Diathane M45 (Rohm and Co Ltd, France; 2 g/L in water) to avoid fungal infection. The cuttings were then rinsed and kept under shade for 10 minutes in open air for drying. As growth regulators are organic compounds that needed in the least amount which can support, inhibit, and may alter physiological processes of plants, stem cuttings were then treated with 0% (control), 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% IBA (Indole 3- Butyric Acid) solutions by dipping the cutting base into IBA solution to test effect of IBA on rooting ability and finally treated cuttings were planted into perforated plastic trays (12 cm depth) filled with coarse sand (Sylhet sand) mixed with fine gravel following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). A total of 160 cuttings were placed under four different treatments with four replications per treatment. Ten cuttings treated with same concentration of IBA were placed in each plastic tray and each tray served as an experimental plot. Thus, the number of replication of cuttings per treatment was 40. The cuttings were watered once only just after setting inside the propagator.

2.3. Propagator environment, aftercare and transplanting The propagator was kept under bamboo made shed to avoid excessive heat accumulation. The propagator was opened briefly in the morning and in the late afternoon to facilitate gaseous exchange. Whenever the propagator lid was opened for observation, a fine jet of water spraying was applied to cuttings to maintain a low vapor pressure deficit inside the propagator. This resulted in a permanently humid environment throughout the propagation period (around 85% relative humidity). The assessments of rooting success were carried out weekly after the first two weeks of cutting placement in the propagator. A cutting was considered as rooted when it had at least one root exceeding 1 cm long. The rooting of cuttings in the propagator completed within six weeks after putting the cuttings into the rooting media in propagator. After four weeks in the rooting medium, the rooted cuttings in the propagator were weaned before transferring them in to poly bags, particularly towards the end of rooting period during root lignifications. For weaning, the propagator was kept open at night for three days and then at day and night for another three days. The weaned rooted cuttings were then transferred into poly bags filled with soil and decomposed cow dung at a ratio of 3:1. Before planting into the poly bags, rooted cuttings were measured for rooting percentage, number of roots developed per cutting and the length of longest root.

2.4. Data analysis The experiment was laid out following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications (blocks). Mean values for root number, root length and root diameter were calculated on experimental plot basis. All data were analyzed through computer based statistical program MSTAT-C (Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA) following the basic principles, as outlined by Gomez and Gomez (1984). Significant effects of treatments were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and treatment means were compared at 5% level of significance by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Rooting percentage was calculated and values were adjusted accordingly using arc sign transformation formula before putting the data into Analysis of Variance since the percentages of cuttings rooted were distributed between the range of 30 to 100 and proportions were based on equal denominator.

Source of Information: International Journal of Agriculture System, Vol. 6 Issue 1, June 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): P-ISSN: 2337-9782, E-ISSN: 2580-6815. DOI: 10.20956/ijas.v6i1.1447

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Inadequacies of quality planting materials remain the major constraints for establishing large-scale commercial plantation of A. marmelos in Bangladesh and other tropical countries. Conventional propagation like seed germination, budding, grafting are season-dependent, slow and much laborious. Moreover, seeds of A. marmelos are generally short viable and prone to pest or insect damage. To provide higher yield of quality fruit to increasing poor people, vegetative propagation of A. marmelos through stem cutting can be a better and helpful option for multiplication. In the present study, A. marmelos was found amenable for clonal propagation through stem cutting with the application of rooting hormone IBA using low-cost non-mist propagator. Considering rooting percentage, root number and root length, 0.4% IBA treatment of stem cuttings may be recommended for mass production of quality planting stocks for the cultivation of the species in homestead agroforestry or in fruit orchards for sustainable nutritional and medicinal supply for the poor people of agrarian Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal