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Genetic Analysis for Heat Tolerance in Spring Wheat

M.S. Alam
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M.A. Sabah
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

A. Hoque
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

N.A. Siddquie
Senior Scientific Officer
On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M. Salahin
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

U.K. Roy
Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To assess genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance in wheat. Twenty wheat genotypes were studied in non-stress (Irrigated timely sowing) and heat stress (Irrigated late sowing) conditions. The analysis of variances showed highly significant variations (P<0.01) among the genotypes for yield, yield contributing, phenological and physiological characters in both optimum and late sowing heat stress conditions. It was observed that there was a pronounced effect of heat stress on the yield of wheat and reduced the grain yield by about 34.49%. Under optimum sowing conditions, the genotypes showed minimum variations (both for GCV and PCV) for most of the phenological, physiological, and yield contributing traits. In late sowing conditions, the chlorophyll content of flag leaf at grain filling stage, biomass, grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield showed more than 10% variation, and the rest showed less amount of genotypic and phenotypic variations. Estimates of heritability for different phenological, physiological and yield contributing traits in ITS condition ranged between 43.29 to 99.20%. Similarly, the estimates of heritability for different phenological, physiological and yield contributing traits in ILS condition ranged between 27.27 to 93.22%. The traits heading days, maturity days, canopy temperature at the vegetative stage, canopy temperature at grain filling stage, biomass, plant height, spikes m^-2, grains spike^-1, and grain yield exhibited high heritability estimates under ILS condition. Under ITS condition, the traits heading days, plant height, spikes m^-2, grains spike^-1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield exhibited more than 10% genetic advance in % of mean and the rest exhibited less than 10%. Biomass, grains spike^-1 and grain yield had high h²_b, high GA in % of mean along with a wide range of genetic variation, and lower environmental influence under heat stress conditions. Direct phenotypic selection for these traits will be rewarding.

Keywords: Variability, Heritability, Genetic advance, Heat tolerance, Wheat

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Dept. of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, the University of Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-11-2018

End Date: 00-03-2019

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To identify new sources for the development of heat-tolerant high-yielding wheat genotypes which can be utilized as donors in the hybridization programme.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Dept. of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, the University of Rajshahi during 2018-19. There were two experiments. The first experiment covered the period from mid-November 2018 to mid-March 2019 and the second experiment was covered from the last week of December 2018 to the first week of April 2019 and considered as optimum sowing condition and late sowing condition respectively. The soil of the experimental field is silty clay of Gangetic alluvial type having slightly alkaline with a pH value of 7.1 to 8.5, low in organic matter and fertility level. Winter to early dry summer climate prevailed during the experiment. The experiment was laid out in an Alpha Lattice Design (ALD) with two replications. The experimental plot was first divided into two super-blocks; each super-block was sub-divided into 4 sub-blocks and finally, each sub-block was further divided into 5 plots where genotypes were assigned randomly. Seeds of each genotype were sown in a unit plot size of 5m long with 4 rows. Plot to plot distance of 40 cm, sub-block to sub-block distance of 60 cm, and super-block to a super-block distance of 1.5 m were maintained. The seeds were sown by hand continuously in lines (line to line distance was 20 cm) on 18 November 2018 as optimum sowing and on 22 December 2018 as late sowing in separate but adjacent areas. Each plot was seeded @ 120 kg ha^-1 to establish a uniform plant population of about 200 plants m^-2. Different intercultural operations were done timely. The harvesting for the optimum sowing experiment was completed by mid-March 2019 and the late sowing experiment by the first week of April 2019. Data were collected based on different yield contributing, phenological and physiological characters. The collected data were subjected to analysis by using the STAR (Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research) Programme.

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 16(1):7-14(February 2021)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study showed the presence of considerable variations among wheat genotypes for some traits with high heritability and genetic advance which gives an opportunity to plant breeders for the improvement of these traits. It is interesting to note that the differences between GCV and PCV values were minimum implying the influence of additive gene effects and the least influence on the environment. Hence selective could be effective for these traits. The significant impact of the heat stress on the performance of the wheat genotypes especially on the grain yield underlines the urgent need for breeding for heat tolerance. However, the significant genotypic effect obtained indicates the existence of sufficient genetic variability among the wheat genotypes that can be exploited in the heat tolerance breeding programs. Reliably, genotypes G14, G15, and G20 are highly tolerant to heat stress with high yield under late sowing environments.

Knowledge Management: Journal