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Biodiversity of Sugar Crops of Bangladesh

S. A. Mannan
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

R. Alam
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

K. M. R. Karim
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

H. M .Tarique
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

R. K.Ganapati
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

M. A.Rahman
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

M. M. Rahman
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

M. A.Hossain
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

K. Mahamud
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna-6620

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Collection, evaluation and conservation of sugar crops germplasm for using in variety development programme is the principal task of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI). BSRI has collected 1,433 sugarcane germplasm from home and abroad of which, 1,113 are existing.Among the existing collection 1071 are Saccharum officinarum and 42 Saccharum spontaneum. All the collections are being conserved in the field and efforts are under practice to conserve them in the laboratory. In exchange programme, germplasm are being exchanged with India, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, France, USA, Mauritius and Sri Lanka. Recently a collaborative research programme was done among Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand. Although the institute has initiated basic research on Stevia, Local and Arabian Date palm, Palmyra palm, Golpata, Sugar beet and other sweetener crops. At BSRI, sugarcane germplasm is mainly used in introduction, hybridization, selection, mutation, rejuvenation, mobilization, photoperiodic treatment, somaclonal variant and parent material development.

Keywords: Sugar, Sugar crop, Goor, Chewing cane, Juce, Sugarcane, Date palm, Palmyra palm, Golpata, Sugar beet, Stevia

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

To meet up the demand of sugar, goor, chewing cane and juice additional production of sugarcane and ancillary crops likes, date palm, palmyra palm, golpata, sugar beet, stevia as raw material, is needed.

Methodology:

Diversity of life forms is rapidly declining throughout the world mostly due to manmade causes. In Bangladesh, the biodiversity of sugarcrops is scanty and distributed all over the country especially the North-Western region for sugarcane, Southern region for date palm, palmyra palm and golpata. Two types of sugarcane viz., noble cane and wild cane are available in Bangladesh. The wild form is grown naturally and used for the fencing of rural house hold and research purposes. The noble cane is used for industrial (sugar and goor) production. In variety development programme germplasm collection and conservation is precondition. For this purpose, firstly germplasm bank is to be established, and then to be enrich every year through collection of improved quality of germplasm. It is fact that high number of germplasm increases the scope of hybridization with increasing the number of variety development. Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) has collected sugarcane germplasm from home and other 16 countries of the world. The other countries are India, Egypt, Australia, Cuba, the Philippines, China, Oman, Swaziland, Japan, United States, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Mauritius, France and Sri Lanka. The S. spontaneum germplasm were collected from different areas of Bangladesh. Out of 1433 collected germplasm presently 1113 are being maintained, of which, 42 are S. spontaneum species. It can be mentioned that out of 1113 germplasm only 321 (including S. spontaneum) are flowering. However, a break-up of the status of germplasm. Conservation of vegetatively propagated crop is very difficult. Disease risk always runs with these crops. The sugarcane, which is clonally propagated is very problematic to conserve because it is conserved in the field and our environment is much favourable for diseases especially the serious disease- red rot. To enrich the germplasm bank noblization of parent materials from noble garden is necessary. In BSRI, at present 1113germplasms are being conserved in the germplasm bank. And every year about 20 genotypes are increasing. In all, about 2000 germplasm may be conserved in the germplasm bank. Efforts are being made to preserve the materials in laboratory also. After performing the quarantine observation all the germplasms are evaluated at BSRI to see their potentiality as parental stock and possibility of introduction as commercial cultivable variety. Some collected germplasm LJ-A, B, C, Co 527, Co 419, Co 1158, BO 17 and BO 91from home and abroad were evaluated and selected to release as a variety. Finally, LJ-C and BO 91 (Isd 34) were released as varieties for commercial cultivation. (ii) Hybridization:In all crops variety development is a continuous process. In case of vegetatively propagated crops hybridization is the principle procedure followed by clonal selection for variety development. Among the collected germplasms only 321(including S. spontaneum) are flowering. However, the potential parents are used to make desirable crosses to produce hybrid seed and subsequent production of seedlings and finally release of a variety. So far, BSRI has released 41 varieties of which 38 are from hybridization. The salient feature of the released 28 varieties is given. Date palm and Palmyra palm: The Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division maintaining 296 local and 4 Arabian date palm plants. But they have not been characterized. In local Date palm, juice collection from different size of cuttings is going on goor and syrup are being prepared. At present 65 Palmyra palm trees are being maintained in the BSRI garden. b) Sugar beet: It is a sugar-producing crop. Earlier it grew in temperate zone but newly developed varieties are now grown in tropical and sub-tropical region also. From 2002-2003 to 2011-2012 eleven (11) varieties were collected from Syngenta Bangladesh Ltd. From field trials it was found to produce yield of 80-100 ton/ha showing Po1% sugarbeet of 12.0-14.4. Sugar, goor and syrup are produced from sugarbeet. c) Golpata: It is a sugar-producing crop. It was collected from remote area of Barishal and Potuakhali districts. Good quality goor can be prepared from its juice. d) Stevia: It is a calorie-free sweetener crop. It was first brought in Bangladesh by BSRI in 2001.Only one variety was brought from abroad and are being maintained. It was characterized at molecular level using RAPD marker. Powder of dry leaves of this is used as sweetener in tea and other sweets.

Source of Information: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE ON AGRO-BIODIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES; September 2014

Article Link (Online Journal): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305429951

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh is a highly density populated country.Its population is increasing day by day. Like other crops demand for sugar and goor of the country is also increasing. As such to meet up the future challenge high yielding and disease resistant and adaptable for cultivation in world climate change is urgently needed. In this respect, the emphasis have to drawn (i) to establish the National Plant Genetic Resource Institute(NPGRI) with a facility of Gene Bank for conservation, use and enhancement of biodiversity. (ii)Systematic germplasm collection and research on other sugar producing and sweetener crops should be started. (iii) Assessment of plant genetic diversity, the rate and extend of erosion and prioritization of PGR activities. (iv) For effective breeding programmegermplasm bank to be enriched with the genetic resources. That is why the germplasm exchange programme with other sugar crops producing countries to be strengthened (iv) Strengthening awareness campaigns on conservation and utilization of PGR

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings