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An Exploration of Disaster Risk in Farmer’s Community of Angaria Sub-sub-district in Bangladesh

A. K. M. Abdul Ahad Biswas*
Department of Disaster Risk Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali- 8602, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aims: Analysis of risk, farmer’s perceptions on risk and their adaptation practices through exploration of agriculture based farmer’s community perceptions were lack on the perspective of Angaria sub-sub-district of Dumki sub-district of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh. That is why this study was conducted to gain an understanding on agriculture farmers' risk profile, its impact and potential risk reduction strategy through community participation. Study Design: A total of 23 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and 04 Key Informant Interviews (KII) were conducted. A well structured pretested questionnaire schedule was developed keeping in mind the objectives and variables under this study. Place and Duration of Study: Angaria sub-sub-district of Dumki sub-district of Patuakhali district in Bangladesh, from January, 2015 to May, 2015. Methodology: Primary data was collected through face to face FGD, KII methods and extensive field visit. Secondary data was collected from different secondary sources. Results: The agriculture sector of the study area is potentially exposed by different primary and secondary risk factors such as cyclone, flood, drought, pest damage etc. which threats to agriculture production and pose the farmers to make their livelihood diversified. But due to the changing trend in risk profiles; increasing its persistence time and frequency and intensity, farmers' adaptation capacities and sustainability are more exposed to vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the farmers are decreasing in the study area. They are transforming from on-farm agriculture practices to nonfarm alternative livelihood options –not as innovative adaptive resilient options. Conclusion: Recurring disasters phenomena threatened and undermined farmers capacity to adaptations, resulted more dependence on alternative nonfarm livelihood options than appropriate on farm adaptive options. Future extensive field based research in these regards will fulfill the required information to get the most efficient small farmers friendly risk management plan which will be beneficiary to the country by establishing climate smart disaster risk management in agriculture sector.

Keywords: Adaptation; Agriculture; Capacity; Risk and vulnerability.

Location: Angaria union (subsub-district) of Dumki upazila (sub-district) under Patuakhali district in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2015

End Date: 00-05-2015

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Risk, Disaster

Objectives:

The study focuses on exploring the agriculture farmer’s risk profile through community participation. The main objectives of the research were -to identify the major types of hazard related risks faced by farmers, to what extent natural hazard affects the agricultural sector and to find out the potential risk reduction strategies in agricultural sector.

Methodology:

2.1 Area, Location, Demography and Socio-economic Condition The study was conducted at Angaria union (subsub-district) of Dumki upazila (sub-district) under Patuakhali district in Bangladesh, established in 1983. Total area is 7.5 sqkm; located in between 22°23´ and 22°30´ north latitudes and in between 90°17´ and 90°27´ east longitudes; bounded on the north and west by Payra river, south by Angaria; on the east by Muradia sub-sub-district of Dumki sub-district. Total numbers of villages are 7; total population is 20,152; female-10135, male-10017; density is 477/sq km; households are 3,755 and average household size is 5.1. Literacy rate is 79%. Number of cyclone shelter is 02; sanitary latrine is 3755; community clinic is 02 and has one family planning office. Total agricultural land is 3500 acre for one crop/year and 2400 acre for two crops/year. Annual average temperature is 22.7°C. Main river is Payra. The economy of Anagaria sub-sub-district is predominantly agriculture. Farmers produce varieties of crops, namely local and HYV rice, jute, mug-bean, khesari (pulses), mustard, vegetables etc. Various fruits like banana, jackfruits, guava, coconut etc are grown. Besides crops, livestock forestry and fishery are the main source of household income. Without agricultural activities people are also related with various off farm activities for their livelihood (Source: Subsub district office).

2.2 Research Methods and Data Collection This study was conducted from January 2015 to May 2015. The methods of data collection included completion of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) -semi-structured farmer’s interviews (questionnaire survey) with the community members, direct field observation and Key Informant Interviews (KII). A total of 23 FGD sessions (total 138 respondents) was conducted. Additional information as secondary data was pertaining to the study was attained by accessing the relevant information from media such as journal articles, research thesis, recorded data, data from different local government administrative offices-Union and Upazila office. A total of 04 key informant interviews were done with sub-sub-district chairman, school teachers and agriculture extension officer of Dumki Upazila and assistant agriculture officer of Angaria Union. During data collection the following questions were focused to get the information—i) Existing hazards for agricultural sector, vulnerability and capacity of this community in the study area ii) Risk factors related to the agriculture and the impact of all risk factors on local community based agriculture production and iii) Existing best adopted adaptation strategies.

2.3 Data Analysis Method, Statistical Tools and Techniques After the completion of data collection, tabulation work including editing, coding and tabulation manually. Data computation and analysis were done using Microsoft Office Excel program. The United Nations Development Programme defines risk by the equation: Risk = Hazard X Vulnerability. [R= (HXV)]; other scientists and organizations add manageability or capacity to the equation and propose: Risk = (Hazard X Vulnerability) /Manageability or Capacity [R = (HxV)/C]. Therefore risk assessment and computation were done following the equation (Here, R= Risk; H= hazard; V= Vulnerability and C= capacity). Correlation (CORREL) between different dependent and independent variables was determined and ANOVA was performed to determine the significance or insignificance at p= .05. Different secondary data were analyzed and integrated with primary data.

Source of Information: British Journal of Environment & Climate Change 5(4): 352-364, 2015, Article no.BJECC.2015.025 ISSN: 2231–4784

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/BJECC/2015/22528

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The agriculture sector of the Angaria is potentially exposed by different primary and secondary risk factors phenomena, such as cyclone, flood, drought, pests damage etc which are revealed in the analysis. Recurring phenomenon of hazards and increasing threats to agriculture production provide the farmers to make their livelihood diversified. Present research revealed changing cropping pattern, adoption of good agronomic practices, selection of early or late crop variety, homestead gardening; rearing poultry, livestock and fishing; and nonfarm livelihood like small business were adopted by the farmers to cope with climate change and risk impact. Farmers are more aware about their risks and what they could do to reduce their exposure on the impacts of future disaster risks. Future extensive field based research in these regards will fulfill the required information to get the most efficient small farmers friendly risk management plan which will benefit the country to establish climate smart disaster risk management in agriculture sector.

Knowledge Management: Journal