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Research and Development Advances of Jute Seed in Bangladesh: a Review

Md. Mahbubul Islam
Agronomy Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Nasir Uddin
Agronomy Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Jute seed production season, methods and related practices for yield and their economics were selected for its being large concentration point in relation to production methods, yield and cost in Bangladesh. The technical review paper provides crucial insights regarding the past, present status and future prospects of jute seed scenarios of the country. The whole contents of the article covering all aspects of jute seed including strategies in overcoming the acute jute seed shortage of the country. Data were collected from different print media like different annual reports and journals during the year 2018 at Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka. Jute is grown in about 0.8 million hectares of land by about 3.5-4.0 million farmers. To cultivate that amount of land, the it require about 5000 to 5500 tons of seed. One of the most important problems for jute production in Bangladesh is the non-availability of quality seed at proper time of sowing. Only about 15%-20% quality jute seeds are supplied by institutional sources however the rest amount of quality seeds yet to be managed to supply. Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) produces nucleus seed to produce “Breeder seed” duly certified by Seed Certification Agency (SCA). Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) collects Breeder seeds from BJRI for producing Foundation seeds at its own multiplication farms. BADC produces certified seeds through its contract growers. Besides, BJRI also produces 8-10 tons of Truthfully Leveled Seed (TLS) and distributed to the farmers. Since its inception BJRI has developed 42 varieties of jute fibre crops. Jute seed could be produced by direct seeding, plant top/stem cutting and seedling transplanting methods, called improved methods. In traditional method it took 240 to 270 days of field duration for seed production. In contrast 120 to 160 days of field duration required for any improved method. Seed sowing generally done during March-April for jute fibre, a part of matured plant’s of the same land kept for seed production in traditional system. However, in off-season, June-July was proved appropriate sowing time for Corchorus capsularis L. and August-September for C. olitorius L. for quality and higher seed production. The average flowering days, pod maturation days and total field duration also varied significantly due to the planting dates in C. olitorius L. and C. capsularis L. C. capsularis L. yielded 100-150 kg/ha; however, C. olitorius L. 200-300 kg/ha of lower quality seed in traditional system. On the other hand, in improved method C. capsularis L. and C. olitorius L. yielded 500-700 kg/ha and 600-1000 kg/ha of good quality seed, respectively. Pest and diseases infestation recorded higher in traditional method. In contrast lower infestation observed in improved method. Net return and as well as BCR found higher in improved direct seeding method (1.25%), which followed by top/stem cutting (1.16%) and seedling transplanting method (1.07%). The future thrust are development of HYV, short day and stress tolerant jute varieties. Meet up the seed shortage in Bangladesh searching of suitable seed growing areas. Seed production in nontraditional areas. Location specific seed production technologies research. In spite of its success there has some constraints for producing quality jute seed like-Manpower shortage in seed management and research. Lands of different stations of BJRI are not suitable for seed production specially tossa jute. Lack of modern laboratory facilities in different regional and sub-stations.

Keywords: Jute (C. olitorius L. and C. capsularis L.), Research, Seed, Constraints, Future thrust, BJRI, BADC, SCA, BCR.

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

Above facts and findings thus indicated that photo-periodic effect rather brought beneficial effect to late-planted jute seed crop. Appropriate methods have been developed to produce jute seeds. Therefore, present review has evaluated the production methods, phenology, yield and cost of production of the offseason jute seed.

Methodology:

The study was based on secondary data. The secondary data used were collected from different studies of the Library of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka during from August 2018 to till March, 2019. These secondary data were in BJRI annual reports, different thesis, Bangladesh Journal of Jute and Fibre Research of BJRI and other international journals.

Source of Information: Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences Abbreviated Key Title: Haya Saudi J Life Sci ISSN 2415-623X (Print) |ISSN 2415-6221 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.21276/haya.2019.4.2.2 Journal homepage: http://scholarsmepub.com/haya/

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh produces world’s best quality jute. The agriculture climate of Bangladesh is very much suitable for quality fibre production. As a result supply of quality jute seed will ensure the fibre quality as well as quantity to a great extent. The government of Bangladesh has given more thrust to promote the jute seed industry by strengthening public sectors dealing with jute seed and also by sensitizing private sectors to reduce the dependence on imported jute seed. The activities of private sectors regarding jute seed are limited on seed import only. Bangladesh and India jointly produced 92% of total raw jute of the world and Bangladesh exports about 90% raw jute and 70% jute products in the world market. The major portion of the jute seed requirement of Bangladesh is meeting up through import from India. It was also observed that some of the introduced seed lots do not have the desired quality as required. Due to heavy demand of jute seed sometimes few unauthorized traders are taking the opportunity of introducing poor quality seeds in our country. From the above review, it may be concluded that among three improved methods of seed production, stem/top cutting and the seedling transplanting methods were found relatively complex, labour intensive and costly. On the other hand, direct seeding method was observed easier and less costly. The average flowering days, pod maturation days and total field duration also varied significantly due to the planting dates in C. olitorius L. and C. capsularis L. Pest and diseases infestation found higher in traditional method for its long field duration. Lower infestation was observed in improved method as this was practiced in dry and comparatively cool season. Net return as well as BCR was found to be higher in improved direct seeding method (1.25%), which was then followed by top/stem cutting (1.16%) and seedling transplanting method (1.07%). Therefore, it could be recommended that at farm level, the direct seeding method showed safer and appropriate for jute seed production in Bangladesh. On the other hand a strong and active coordination among public and private jute seed sectors of the country is necessary for a sound supply of quality jute seed in Bangladesh. An appropriate policy in this respect can mitigate the jute seed problem of the country.

Knowledge Management: Journal