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Eco-friendly Management of Foot and Root Rot Disease of Betel Vine Caused by Sclerotium Rolfsii

P. Rabeya
Assistant Seed Technologist
Supreme Seed Company Limited

U.S. Monira
Principal Seed Technologist & Research Coordinator, Supreme Seed Company Limited

R.M. Islam
Professor
Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

F. M. Aminuzzaman
Professor
Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Efficacy of five plant extracts namely garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), neem (Azadirachta indica) and allamanda (Allamanda cathertica) and two bio-agents Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against the devastating foot and root rot disease (Sclerotium rolfsii) of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) was studied in-vitro in the Plant Pathology laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University and in-vivo in the betel vine orchard of Malonchi Upazila of Pabna district. A remarkable inhibition of mycelium growth and sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii was achieved by treatment with bioagent Trichoderma harzianum (42.77%) and garlic clove extract (25.56%) on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The eco-friendly approaches i.e. garlic clove extracts reduced both the incidence (30.44 - 40.21%) and severity (41.03 - 44.02%) of foot and root rot disease of betel vine in the betel vine orchard and increased betel leaf yield up to 30.15%.

Keywords: Plant extracts, Bio-agents, Sclerotium rolfsii, Food poisoned technique, Incidence, Severity, Betel vine

Location: Department of Plant Pathology of Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU)

Start Date: 00-06-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Betel leaf

Objectives:

Hence, efforts have to be made to retain pathogen activity below economic threshold level by choosing methods of biological control only. So, the present experiment was undertaken to study the effect of some bio-agents and botanical extracts on the growth and sclerotia formation of Sclerotium rolfsii and also to control the foot and root rot disease of betel vine.

Methodology:

The laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology of Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) during June 2012 to December 2012 while the field experiment was conducted in the betel vine orchard of Malonchi Upazila of Pabna district during the period from January 2013 to July 2013 under natural condition. Collection of diseased specimens Diseased stem samples of betelvine (Piper betle L.) were collected from different “betel vine orchard” of Pabna district. The collected samples were put in polyethylene bags immediately after collection and were preserved at 4? in refrigerator for further use. Purification and preservation of the pathogen Pure culture of the Sclerotium rolfsii isolates were prepared following hyphal tip methods (Tuite 1969, Mian 1995) and subsequently transferred to fresh potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants in test-tubes and petridishes. Petridishes and test-tube slants containing pure culture of Sclerotium rolfsii were stored at 4?. Preparation of plant extracts The plant extracts were prepared by using the method of Ashrafuzzaman and Hossain (1992). For preparation of plant extracts, collected leaves were weighted in an electric balance and then washed in water. After washing the big leaves were cut into small pieces. The weighted plant parts were blended in an electric blender and then distilled water was added into the jug of the blender. The pulverized mass was squeezed through 3 folds of fine cotton cloth. For getting 1:2 (w/v) ratio extract, 200 ml of distilled water was added with 100g plant parts. Bioassay of plant extracts using growth inhibition technique Groove/Cup method: From a PDA plate 5 mm discs of the medium were scooped from three places maintaining an equal distance from the centre by a sterilized disc cutter. One milliliter of plant extract was put into each hole and the plates were stored overnight in refrigerator for diffusion of the input in the medium around the hole before resumption of fungal growth. Mycelial block (5-mm) of 7 days old culture of S. rolfsii was placed at the centre of each PDA plate. The linear growth (cm) of mycelium of S. rolfsii was recorded at 24 hr. interval until the control plates were filled in (Nene and Thapliyal 1979).

Isolation/collection of biocontrol agents Biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University and Pseudomonas fluorescens were collected from Laboratory of the department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University.The fungal antagonists were cultured in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and the bacteria in Nutrient Agar (NA) medium.

Dual culture method for screening bio-agent against Sclerotium rolfsii The culture discs (7 days old) of the bio-agents and pathogen were cut separately with the help of sterilized cork borers (5 mm). The culture discs of pathogen and bio-agent were aseptically transferred and placed them at the periphery of petriplate containing the medium at 2 to 3 cm apart in opposite direction. The culture disc of the pathogen alone in the petri plates containing PDA serves as control. The inoculated petri plates were transferred into the incubator and incubated at 25⁰. The growth of the pathogen and antagonist in petri plates was observed periodically and measure the colony growth (diameter) in each petri plate.The percent inhibition of the pathogen was calculated by the bio-agent when the growth of the pathogen is full in the control plates.

Counting of sclerotia After 30 days of culture, the sclerotia of each petridish were separated by using camel hair brush and number of sclerotia of each petridish was counted manually. The sclerotia of control plates were also counted and used to compare with those of treated plates.

Field experiment The field experiment was conducted in the field of Malonchi Upazila of Pabna district during the period from January 2013 to July 2013 under natural condition.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The field was divided into seven blocks with three unit plots in each. Each block contains one hill of betel vine and each hill contains three plants. The mycelial suspensions of S. rolfsii were mixed with soil and were incorporated at the base of each 21 hills @ 200 g soil/hill. The plant extracts were sprayed to the betel vine plants at 7 days intervals up to 60 days after transplanting. Spraying of BAU-biofungicides i.e. bio-agent, a formulated product of Trichoderma harzianum developed by Prof. Dr. Iismail Hossain, Disease Resistance Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh was sprayed at 2% solution at 7 days interval for two times also done to the betel vine plants in the betel vine orchard. The data were recorded on percent disease incidence, percent disease severity or percent foot area disease and yield (t/ha).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Plant Pathol. Vol. 36, No. 1&2, 2020

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Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The eco-friendly approaches i.e. garlic clove extracts reduced both the incidence (30.44 - 40.21%) and severity (41.03 - 44.02%) of foot and root rot disease of betel vine in the betel vine orchard and increased betel leaf yield up to 30.15%.

Knowledge Management: Journal