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Effect of Fertilizer Doses with Biochar on Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity of Wheat-maize-rice Cropping Pattern in Drought Prone Area

Md. Ilias Hossain
Agronomy Division, Regional Station, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Rajshahi-6212

Md. Israil Hossain
Engineering Division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute-5200

Md. Zillur Rahman
Agronomy Division, CARITAS, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M. Malek
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Md. Shah Newaz Chowdhury
Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A two years experiment was conducted to study the productivity and soil fertility of intensified rice-wheat (RW) systems by adding a third pre-rice crop of maize. The trial comprises five packages of practices including crop residue retention, seeding methods with recommended fertilizer with biochar imposed on the component crops in wheat-maize-rice cropping pattern. The results indicated that biochar in the field with minimum disturbance of soil had a significant contribution to grain yield and yield component of wheat compare to conventional practice and without biochar application. System productivity and fertility were evaluated under three levels of tillage options (zero, strip, raised bed, PTOS, and conventional tillage practice (CTP) in an RW- Maize cropping pattern. Both raised bed and strip-till with 80% recommended fertilizer with 2.0 t/ha biochar produced the highest grain yield in wheat and maize crops but the non-significant effect of rice grain yield and lowest yield was also found from conventional practice with control plot. Biochar had increased the soil organic matter by 0.08. While some of the parameters increase may have been due to added biochars from topsoil, the change in organic carbon increased with the rate of different doses of biochar application. Biochar application slightly increased N, P, K, S, B, and Zn availability and low pH levels in the wheat crop in two seasons. So, Biochar has a positive effect on soil properties and sustainable productivity of cereals crop in drought-prone areas.

Keywords: Biochar, Drought, Soil chemical properties, Yield.

Location: Regional Wheat Research Centre, Shyampur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures

Objectives:

The objectives of the research work are 1) to determine the optimum doses of wheat-maize-rice cropping pattern with Biochar application, 2) to evaluate the effect of biochar to improve the system productivity, andto study the change in soil properties over time in the intensified cropping pattern.

Methodology:

A rabi season wheat (Triticumaestivum)-Kharif 1 Maize (Zea mays)-monsoon rice cropping pattern was implemented starting with wheat sown on November 30, 2018, for wheat at the Regional Wheat Research Centre, Shyampur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh (24^o3'N, 88⁰41E, 18 m above sea level). The site has a subtropical climate and is located in Agroecological Zone 11 (High Ganges River Flood Plan) on flood-free high land, with coarse-textured, highly permeable soil (BARC, 2012). The area receives 1072 mm mean annual rainfall, about 95% of which occurs from May to September. Total rainfall was highest during the mungbean season and lowest in the wheat season in all years. Wheat (Variety BARI Gom 30) was planted at the nationally recommended seeding rate. The trial consisted of five treatments combination which was below. T₁=Control T₂=Recommended Fertilizer T₃= 90%+Recommended Fertilizer+ Biochar 1.0 t/ha T₄= 80%+Recommended Fertilizer+ Biochar 2.0 t/ha T5= 70%+Recommended Fertilizer+ Biochar 3.0 t/ha The area of each plot was 50 m2 (10m × 5m). The recommended rate and reduce doses of fertilizers were applied during land and top dress. In wheat, two-thirds of the N was applied before seeding and the remaining one-third at crown root initiation (CRI) (Zadoks growth stage 1.3). Sufficient irrigation water was applied to fill the furrows between permanent raised beds and the strip-tillage method. The conventional plot was flood irrigated. The wheat received three irrigations at CRI (Z1.3), booting (Z4.0-4.9), and grain-filling stages (Z8.0-8.9). Generally, all tillage options were irrigated on the same days, but less water was needed to fill the furrows with raised bed and strip method compared to CTP. Weed control was done after the first irrigation by the application of Affinity on wheat. CROP STAT and Microsoft Excel and DMRT were used to measure the variation of mean data of treatments. Treatment means were compared at P ≤ 0.05. The data were analyzed statistically following computer package CROP STAT - All the data were statistically analyzed following the ANOVA technique and the significance of mean differences was adjusted by said method.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences; Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 93-100, 2021

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/18.4.93-100

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The yield of component crops in an intensive wheatmaize-rice cropping pattern was achieved under different tillage options with recommended fertilizer with biochar application. From the study, it was revealed that biochar application affected in terms of yield and yield components with canopy temperature which ultimately produced maximum yield due to its more photosynthesis and lower canopy temperature. Biochar has a long-term positive effect for getting a sustainable yield and higher productivity in intensified RW-maize systems in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal