The experiment was conducted on a farmers' field located at Durbachara village, Gouripur upazila in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh during mid-November- June in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Geographically site was located at latitude 24.75ºN and longitude 90.500 E) at 18 m altitude. This study comprised two types of tillage viz., puddled condition conventional tillage (CT) and unpuddled condition strip-tillage (ST) and two levels of crop residue viz., “no” residue (R0), and 50% residue (R50). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications using unit plots of 9 m×5 m. Seed sowing and transplanting In 2013-14, seeds were sown in the nursery on 25 November 2013, and seedlings were transplanted but in 2014-15, the seeding and transplanting were done one week earlier than the dates of 2013 to avoid rainfall before harvest on 18 November 2014 and 23 December 2014, respectively. A Row distance of 25 cm×15 cm was maintained, allocating 2-3 seedlings hill-1 in both CT and ST. Tillage operation CT was done using a two-wheel tractor (2 WT). The land was prepared by four plowings and cross plowings followed by sun-drying for two days, finally by inundation and laddering. Strip tillage (ST) was done by a Versatile Multi-crop Planter (VMP) in a single pass operation. Strips had prepared for four rows, each 6 cm wide and 5 cm deep made at a time. Three days before ST operation, glyphosate had applied @ 3.7 L ha-1. After ST, the land had flooded with 3-5 cm standing water one day before transplanting to allow the strips to soften enough for transplanting seedlings (Islam et al., 2014). Residue mulching practice Two levels of residue mulch of mustard were used in this study. In no-residue practice, rice transplanted without retaining mulch while in 50% mulch practice, 875 kg ha-1 dried residue of previously harvested mustard was used. This amount of mulch was spread over the plots after tillage operation but before transplanting. Cultural operations The land was fertilized with phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and zinc @ 25, 40, 15, and 2.0 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, and ZnSO4, respectively at final plowing. Nitrogen was applied @ 80kg ha-1 as urea in three equal splits at 25, 45, and 60 DAT. Rice was irrigated four times at 20, 35, 50, and 65 DAT due to scarce rainfall throughout the crop growing season. Adequate plant protection measures were taken as per the recommendation of the BRRI (2014). Harvesting and data recording The crop were harvested at maturity (when 80% of grain became golden yellow) on 9 May in 2014 and 2 May in 2015, from randomly selected three spots of each 3 m × 1 m area in each plot. Plant height, No. of effective and non-effective tillers m-2, length of panicle, number of grains, and sterile spikelets panicle-1 were recorded from randomly selected ten hills before harvest. Economic analysis- The economics of crop production was estimated following the partial budgeting system (Perrin et al., 1988). The variable costs were calculated based on labor requirements for sowing/transplanting, weeding, harvesting and threshing, irrigation, fertilization, and all other input costs like seed, fertilizer, irrigation, etc. The gross return was calculated based on the market price of grain and by-products. The gross benefit was calculated by deducting the variable cost from the gross recovery. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was calculated by using the formula (Price, 1985) as follows: BCR = Gross return per unit area/The total cost of production per unit area. Statistical instrument- Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Duncans' Multiple Range Test compared means at P<0.05, using the statistical package program STAR (IRRI, 2014).